第2次世界大戦にヒトラーはドイツ軍の欧州の東部戦線に向け、敵となる兵士から民間人も含めて、特にユダヤ人を全滅することを指令した。特別行動隊(Einsatzgruppen)を編成して、全欧州のユダヤ人を殺害の対象とした。1941年8月からは女子や子供も殺害した。特別行動体はウクライナのユダヤ人を集団で大量に銃殺するも、隊員の精神的負担から銃殺以外手段の毒ガスの大量殺害を企画した。
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