Undisclosed photos of Japanese A-bomb survivors
U.S. Atomic Bomb Surveys
The National Archives College Park, Maryland
Feburay 22, 2024
TR - 15646
TR-15646
U.S. Navy
SUBJECT: 473754 - Sept 1945
CAPTION:
JAPANESE ATTEND SHINTO SERVICES IN HIROSHIMA FOR FRIENDS AND RELATIVES KILLED IN ATOM BOMB BLAST OF WORLD WAR II.
LOCATION: HIROSHIMA, JAPAN
PHOTOGRAPHER:MILLER, WAYNE.LT.
TAKEN BY (UNIT)
LOCAL NO: TR-15646
CLASSIFICATION: RELEASED
Russian soldiers lie on the front line in the village of Andrievka, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, on September 16, 2023, in the Russo-Ukrainian War. Ukrainian troops fought their way through scorched forests for two months. It demonstrated the difficulty of the counteroffensive in eastern and southern Ukraine. When we collected the bodies, we found the body of 19-year-old Riley, killed in the first battle, and Zima. Other bodies were carefully bagged and carried through the woods. Ukrainian troops left dozens of dead Russian soldiers behind.
Beginning on September 14, Ukrainian forces finally carried out the recapture of the village of Andriivka, more than three months after receiving orders to do so. Breaking through Russian artillery fire and grenades fired from drones, they fired on Russian troops fleeing in front of them, and September 14 came and went in the blink of an eye. Ukrainian troops fired artillery into the small village of Andriyevka and set up a smoke screen over the main street. Russian artillery hit Russian soldiers who retreated or surrendered. The last 100 meters were a mixture of blood, metal, trash, spent bullets, and shredded armor.
Ukrainian troops went door to door, taking prisoners of Russian soldiers and killing those who fought back. Even after the tail end of the Russian army was driven out, the village of Andriivka remained under constant bombardment, drones blaring from both sides. on september 16, the Ukrainian flag was raised over Andriivka. Andriyivka was now nothing but piles of bricks and burnt trees, and the smell of death was in the air.
About 13,000 more Russian troops have been killed or wounded since the October-December offensive around the Avdivka-Novopavlivka axis in eastern Ukraine. on December 17, 2023, Russian forces lost nearly 350,000 men since they invaded Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The number of Russian troops lost was approximately 1,000.
WARNING: The bodies of Russian soldiers lie at the frontline in Andriivka, Donetsk region, Ukraine, Saturday, Sept. 16, 2023. Ukrainian brigade’s two-month battle to fight its way through a charred forest shows the challenges of the country’s counteroffensive in the east and south. (AP Photo/Mstyslav Chernov)
On the Eastern Front of World War II, public floggings of civilian peasants of Russian descent were carried out in the village of Borokh in the Moscow region in November 1941. Peasants who defied the German occupying authorities were subjected to public flogging. German soldiers whipped the peasants' buttocks. Many people in occupied Europe actively cooperated with the Germans and looked down on suspects whose upper and lower bodies were immobilized so that they could be whipped. When their country was occupied by the Germans from the Soviet Union, some locals took revenge by beating and shooting Soviet Red Army collaborators.
A photograph found in the belongings of a murdered German officer shows the Soviet Red Army's "We became landowners, we became slaves," said the officer. It was accompanied by an explanatory note: "We will become landowners, acquire Slavic slaves, and treat them as we please." In the Moscow region, Nazi German troops carried out genocidal abuses.
In the Moscow region, Nazi Germany committed the war crime of genocide in the Moscow region, occupied by Nazi German troops from October 1941 to January 1942. Civilians were tortured, killed, looted, and driven from their homes to make room for German military units. Forced labor was used to build German defense lines. The total number of victims of the occupation period in the Moscow region amounted to more than 26,000 and property damage to about 6.4 trillion rubles, the prosecutor's office noted.
On April 28, 1909, Mexicans Arcadio Jimenez, Hilario Silva, and Marcelino Martinez were shot dead en masse in Chalco for allegedly killing police officers during the tense twilight hours before the Mexican Revolution by dictator Porfirio Diaz.
The Mexican Revolution, which broke out between 1910 and 1917, was a democratic revolution aimed at overthrowing the Diaz dictatorship, democratization, agrarian reform, and transformation of social and economic structures. After a civil war, the foundations of Mexico were laid by the new constitution of 1917. About 900,000 people lost their lives to famine, disease, and banditry from the civil war casualties of the Mexican Revolution. Hostile regime forces scoured the cities for unemployed recruits in a devastated economy. Hanging and firing squads disposed of prisoners and civilians without permission. Frequent hangings and prisoner executions became a terror to the populace, who, due to years of starvation in the capital city of Mexico City in 1915, registered for conscription as regime soldiers rather than die of starvation.
In Chalco, Mexico, on April 28, 1909, soldiers of the 10th Rural Brigade searched for three prisoners and placed them in prison; the three prisoners were carried to the scaffold of the barriolet and received spiritual support from Ayotzingo and a Chalco priest. Three lines were drawn with lime on the walls of the adobe house and the condemned prisoners were lined up to be executed. When the condemned prisoners reached the wall, their relatives said goodbye. The sad faces of the women, the resignation of the prisoners, and the unintelligible children were captured.
Chalco's political cadres visited the arrested Arcadio Jimenez and bandaged his eyes, his last hope. Hilario Silva and Marcelino Martinez, however, wanted to die by sight. Before they were killed, in a trembling voice, they said to the representatives of the police and the judiciary, "I bid farewell to all this world." After the priest had given them their feast, Lieutenant Muñoz de Cotte ordered the regime soldiers who prepared the execution. He raised his bayonet, swung it down firmly, and ended the lives of the suspects by rupturing their hearts at the firing squad. Doctors certified the deaths as confirmed.
In Beijing, after the occupation by the Allied Forces of the Eight Kingdoms, prisoners suspected of being Yihe Dan were publicly beheaded in August 1900 in the execution streets as an immediate reprisal. The main areas of the Uihe Dan Rebellion originated in Shandong Province, where German troops had advanced.
In the mid-19th century, China was forced to open up to the Han Chinese by the Opium War and other wars. Unequal treaties that made concessions to Western powers and even to Japan limited Chinese sovereignty. Conflicts in China's sphere of influence intensified after the Sino-Japanese War. After unsuccessful negotiations, the German Reich led a naval force to occupy Qingdao Bay in the wake of the murder of two missionaries, and in 1898, a treaty with China ceded the Qingdao city lease to the German Reich for 99 years.
The Yihe Dan Rebellion, a secret society known as the Boxers by Europeans, was formed. Opposing the marginalization of China and the presumption of Christianity, they demanded China's independence and restoration After 1899, rebellions initially broke out in the provinces, destroying railroads and missions and killing missionaries and Chinese Christians By the early summer of 1900, hundreds of thousands of Chinese had joined the rebellion. In the mission district of Beijing, 950 foreigners and 3,000 Chinese Christians were trapped, and a German missionary was killed. As the Yihe Dan rebellion spread, hostile foreign powers formed an allied force of eight nations at the mouth of Peihu Lake and off the coast of Dagu. The fort off Dagu was bombarded and stormed by the navy. The forces of the eight countries fought their way to Beijing, meeting strong resistance along the shores of Peihu Lake and along the railroad line. Temporarily cut off from their stronghold by the Chinese forces, and in the midst of a severe retreat, a detachment of the German Navy was ordered to the front line. After 55 days of siege due to the German rearmament advance, those imprisoned in Peking were liberated on August 14, 1900, with reinforcements from the relief forces.
At the request of the German Emperor, a joint high command of the powers was formed, and the Prussian Marshal Waldersee was appointed. Numerous expeditions were ordered, and looting, robbery, pillaging, rape, and murder took place. in the fall of 1901, China signed a peace treaty. The powers gained the right to station troops: between the end of July 1901 and the end of October 1901, some 15,000 men of the East Asian Expeditionary Force were stationed in China.
The invaders, Japanese soldiers by the Japanese military, met with armed resistance. As a result of clashes with Chinese guerrilla groups, many Japanese soldiers and officers were killed and their bodies placed on stretchers. They were buried en masse in a cemetery in Singapore. More than one million Japanese soldiers and officers lost their lives in the Pacific War as a result of mischief. Japanese soldiers and officers voluntarily died for the benefit of the Japanese nation and warlords.
During the defense of Singapore, Chinese guerrilla forces fought against the Japanese invasion. The overseas Chinese community in Singapore joined the fight against the aggressive Japanese forces through the medium of the Dal Force. The Dal Force, formally the Overseas Chinese Anti-Japanese Volunteer Force of Singapore, was a guerrilla unit of irregular forces within the British Army's Channel Colonial Volunteer Force during World War II. The unit drew from 1,00 to about 3,000 Singaporean Chinese and was created on December 25, 1941, by Lieutenant Colonel John Daly of the Malayan Federal Police Force. The unit was called the Dal Force, which it was. To the Chinese in Singapore, it was known as the Overseas Chinese Anti-Japanese Volunteer Force. The unit took part in the Battle of Singapore and some of its members conducted guerrilla operations against the Japanese during the Japanese occupation. The Chinese Volunteer Army of Darfur fought fiercely against the Japanese.
Dal Force volunteers were deployed to the front lines on February 5. The unit suffered severe casualties due to lack of training, equipment, and armaments. One unit of Darforce fought a Japanese machine gun battalion until it was wiped out. Meanwhile, Australian units armed with machine guns retreated from the scene. The tide of the war remained unchanged, and on February 13, 1942, Lieutenant Colonel Dalry assembled at headquarters to announce that the British government had decided to halt the fighting. About 300 Darfur soldiers were killed or wounded in action. Many men and women were captured for their involvement in Darfur, tortured, and executed in a purge massacre.
On the Eastern Front of World War II, in 1941, the Soviet Red Army fought the Germans on the Smolenks front, some 400 kilometers from Moscow, killing a low-ranking Soviet Hronvuk soldier. Their bodies were left lying in the snow on the roadside, and on December 29, 1941 the Red Army recovered territory on the outskirts of Moscow and clamored about the atrocities in the German izguns.
The Germans suffered many casualties, but the Soviets suffered even more. Like many photographs taken during the war, Barthel-Manz's were censored. This was because the Soviet government did not want the public to see the greater destruction and death of Soviet soldiers.
This was a scene that was repeated countless times during Operation Barbarossa. Soviet soldiers in Fronvuk did everything in their power to defend their homeland. Both armies, the Lancers, ordinary Germans, and the Frontviks, low-ranking Russians, fought and tried to survive in very similar combat conditions. Both served regimes led by dictatorships that were infinitely more evil and violent. Both fought bravely in attack and tenaciously in defense. Both the heat of summer and the cold of winter took their toll, and the dust and mud on both sides of the battle lines, poor food, inadequate medical care, lack of leave, and the abundance of pests made life miserable for the soldiers of both armies.
Lancers, the German lancer cavalry, had the primary task of breaking up infantry columns and mopping up enemy infantry. Lancers charged in several abreast columns. Lancers were deployed when the Soviet Red Army either collapsed or began to withdraw due to artillery and infantry firepower.
In the Russian Army, all infantry divisions in the Red Army were labeled Strelkovye divisions. The front vieq applied only to infantry fighting on the front line combatant front. Any violation of the solemn oath of the Russian army was met with the severe punishment of Soviet law and the full hatred and contempt of the working class. Frontviks had to live, fight, and die in small foxholes dug into the earth. Soldiers not engaged in combat spent at least an hour each day in political indoctrination into communism.
A Palestinian man carries the body of a girl recovered from the rubble of the Jabalia refugee camp (Jabalia refugee camp) in northern Gaza on November 1, 2023, the day after an Israeli airstrike. In Jabalia refugee camp, a densely populated area in northern Gaza. Israeli airstrikes caused numerous deaths and devastation.
Israeli forces bombed the densely populated Jabalia refugee camp in northern Gaza for the second consecutive day on November 1, Palestinians wander among the rubble of buildings targeted by Israeli airstrikes in the Jabalia refugee camp in Gaza. Body bags were piled up in the morgue of the nearby Indonesian hospital in Beit Lahia and carried out of the hospital. The wounded filled hospital beds and were taken to Dar al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza City. According to Palestinian authorities and the director of the Indonesian hospital that received some of the casualties, about 50 more people were killed and dozens injured in the bombing in Jabalia on October 331.
At the site of the airstrike, rescue workers and volunteers stood around a large crater digging by hand through piles of rubble, searching for people trapped under collapsed buildings and bodies Rescue workers in the Oct. 31 airstrike raked the surface layers of concrete and steel chunks from collapsed houses by hand in the Jabalia refugee camp in Gaza. The Israeli airstrike left a trail of concrete and steel chunks on the surface of the ground near the surface. They searched for survivors and bodies of near-surface victims of Israeli airstrikes. Bodies trapped deep in the ground will not be buried for months. After more than three weeks of heavy shelling of the Gaza Strip, heavy machinery could not reach the bombing sites through damaged roads and ran out of fuel to run the machines.
The Israeli military said its fighter jets attacked a Hamas commander in the Jabalia refugee camp, killing Muhammad Assar, the leader of Hamas' anti-tank missile unit. Hamas, however, strongly denied that its leader was in the Jabalia refugee camp, the largest in the northern Gaza Strip. The UN Resident Palestinian Observer said the airstrike was a crime and called for action by the International Criminal Court.
Warning: A Palestinian man carries the body of a baby recovered from the rubble of the Jabalia refugee camp one day after an Israeli airstrike hit the area. MOHAMMED SABER/EPA/SHUTTERSTOCK
非公開の日本原爆被爆者の写真
ーアメリカ軍原爆調査団ー
アメリカ国立公文書館 2024年2月23日
(The National Archives College Park, Maryland)
The Nanking Massacre holocaust broke out after Japanese troops occupied Nanking on December 13, 1937 during the Sino-Japanese War. Japanese soldiers used Chinese prisoners of war as live firing practice for test stabbing with bayonets. Chinese corpses littered the trenches after the massacre. This photo captures the devastation of the Nanking Massacre perpetrated by Japanese soldiers against the Chinese.
China was the scene of the Sino-Japanese War that began on July 7, 1937, when fighting erupted to halt the Japanese invasion. China ultimately lost some 20 million lives in the Sino-Japanese War. The approximately 17 million Chinese victims were not soldiers, but unarmed and defenseless civilians. By the end of the Nanking Massacre, an estimated 300,000 people had died, but estimates of the death toll varied widely, with some figures around 40,000, and there was fierce controversy over the estimates.
The worst massacre occurred on December 13, 1937, about six weeks after Japanese troops raided the Chinese capital of Nanking. The massacre in Nanking began even before the Japanese reached the city walls. At the beginning of the invasion, the Japanese army moved from battle to battle throughout China, slaughtering and looting under strict orders to kill all prisoners of war.
When the Nanking Massacre began, they burned the city walls, homes, surrounding forests, and even villages in their path. They looted buildings and stole from the poor and the rich. They slaughtered scores of people they met by chance. Some of the victims of the Nanking Massacre were thrown into unmarked mass graves and left to die. The Chinese people mutilated by Japanese soldiers were not Chinese combatants; the victims were unarmed, defenseless civilians.
In the mere six weeks between December 13, 1937 and the Nanking Massacre, an estimated 20,000 to 80,000 Chinese women were brutally raped and sexually assaulted by the invading soldiers. They dragged out women and even small children and violently gang-raped them. When they finished raping their victims, they often killed them. Pregnant mothers were mutilated, and rape victims were stabbed to death with bamboo sticks and bayonets.
The Japanese government's Murakami Cabinet officially apologized for the atrocities committed during World War II on August 15, 1995, and in 1984 the Japanese Army Veterans Association interviewed Japanese veterans who witnessed the Nanking Massacre in order to refute reports of Japanese military atrocities. The Veterans Association found that the veterans spoke candidly about the widespread atrocities. The Veterans Association's journal published an apology for the Nanking Massacre. The Veterans of Foreign Wars' journal, "Whatever the severity of the war or the particular circumstances of the psychology of war, we are simply speechless in the face of this illegal massacre. As a pre-war military official, I can only apologize deeply to the Chinese people. It was truly a regrettable act of barbarism."
On December 29, 1890, the U.S. Army massacred approximately 150 to 300 Lakota Indians in the Wounded Knee Creek area of southwestern South Dakota. Three weeks after the Wounded Knee massacre, the bodies of four Lakota Sioux were wrapped in blankets.
In November 1890, U.S. troops arrived on the Lakota reservation with the goal of stopping the rise of the Ghost Dance, an Indian belief ceremony; on December 15, 43 tribal police officers were sent to Sitting Bull's cabin, and a fierce struggle broke out; on December 28, 1890, the U.S. Army's 7th Cavalry reached the Miniconjou tribe's camp near Wounded Knee Creek.
On December 29, the 7th Cavalry assembled the Miniconjou Tribe and began confiscating their weapons. The cavalry surrounded the Miniconjou tribe, who gathered in a circle in a nearby vacant lot. Four staple guns were placed on a hilltop in the vacant lot.
The guns accidentally went off and the 7th Cavalry opened fire, leading to a violent conflict. At the first moment, a defenseless Miniconjou tribe member was shot dead. Some women and children fled and took refuge in a nearby ravine. The 7th Cavalry fired artillery shells into the Minicongjou tribe's positions. The fleeing Miniconjou were cut down by the cavalry.
Approximately 250 to 300 Miniconjou were killed, nearly half of them women and children. At least 25 U.S. soldiers were also killed. The massacre was suppressed by the U.S. Army Plains Indians and organized resistance was cut off.
In the Vietnam War, after the fierce fighting ended on the battlefield in 1963, the bodies of Liberation Front (Vietcong) soldiers lay dead at dawn on the battlefield. Shot by heavy machine gun fire, the bodies were shot through like beehives. around July 1963, guerrilla warfare by anti-government guerrillas had broken out in Vietnam. Military advisors and government troops sent by the U.S. engaged in repeated battles with the Vietcong.
By early 1963, the number of American soldiers stationed in Vietnam had grown from a few hundred to over 10,000 within a few years. It had been less than a decade since the Korean War broke out and a cease-fire was called. The direct impact of the U.S. military's involvement in the conflict in Vietnam, on the other side of the world, was part of the conversation of the American public; in 1963, the growing role of the U.S. military in Vietnam had not yet developed into a comprehensive and divisive issue.
On January 25, 1963, LIFE magazine published a strong cover story and article, "We Wade Deeper Into the Jungle War," accompanied by color photographs, which attracted a great deal of attention; even before LIFE's photographs were published in 1963 and throughout the Vietnam War, LIFE magazine and other publications and the major U.S. mass media were still reporting the story in print The June 12, 1964 issue of LIFE featured Akihiko Okamura's "The Ugly Vietnam War (page 9)," which provoked a photographic response.
The photographs in the magazine vividly documented the horrifyingly expanding conflict and suggested the vividness of the war. Raggedly severed limbs, torched corpses, and walls covered with entrails were too upsetting to the raw and vulnerable American public. For Americans accustomed to the major mass media, gruesome pictures of the Vietnam War were routinely published in popular weekly magazines.
This photograph was made in the winter of 1986 during the Soviet-Afghanistan conflict, and depicts 13 members of a Soviet Red Army reconnaissance unit being ambushed by Afghan guerrilla forces near Moghul, Afghanistan.
In the Soviet-Afghan conflict of the 1980s (April 1978 - April 1992), recently slain Russian Red Army soldiers and others made an impossible comeback to life, eerily masquerading as a dialogue between the dead and others. It was a brutal reflection of what war is really like.
During the Soviet-Afghan war in the winter of 1986, the mujahidin attacked a Soviet patrol near Mogor. The mujahidin were killed in the line of duty in the Islamic holy war (jihad). In the inhospitable Afghan desert, 13 Soviet Red Army soldiers masqueraded their resurrection from the dead. Bloody, dismembered body parts were shown.
One Russian soldier showed his wounds to another. Three of the slain mujahidin were shown on the battlefield. One of the mujahidin was inspecting the contents of a bag, while the other two were collecting weapons and ammunition from the dead Soviet Red Army soldiers. A Soviet Red Army recruit playfully piggybacked one of his comrades, while a third dangled a piece of meat in front of him.
Digital photographs were used by Jeff Wall to create "Dead Troops Talk" in 1992. As of 2020, this photograph was the highest-priced by Wall, having sold for $3,666,500 at Christie's in New York City on May 8, 2012.
A Jewish girl was murdered in Lodz Ghetto, Poland, during deportation in September 1942. The girl's body was tagged "54" on the body for burial in the morgue.
The Germans invaded Lodz (Lodz), Poland, on September 8, 1939, and by the time the Nazi SS invaded the city (renamed Litzmannstadt by the Germans) on October 28, the Germans had restricted Jewish financial transactions, banned holidays, seized, prohibited trade, and forced many Jews to work in camps. They established the second concentration camp for Jews after the Warsaw Ghetto.
The Germans isolated the Lodz Ghetto from the rest of the country. The fence surrounding the ghetto was guarded by German troops. Initially, it was guarded by the Volksdeutsche police and later by the Nazi Party (NSDAP). The Lodz Ghetto was part of the German military's campaign to kill Jews throughout Europe, and ghetto residents continued to die from exhaustion, lack of food, and disease.
In 1941, the Nazis established a concentration camp at Chelmno Nad Nerem, about 48 km northwest of Lodz. Prisoners were deported, sealed in the rear of gas cars, and murdered with poisonous exhaust fumes. Bodies were incinerated and buried; in the first half of 1942, some 52,304 Lodz Jews were forced onto a freight train at the Radgoszcz station and murdered at Chelmno, along with some 4,500 Roma who had been deported earlier.
Beginning in late August 1942, the Germans removed from the ghetto those who could not work, including the sick, children, and the elderly; on September 1, the Jewish police seized patients from hospitals and ordered their deportation to the train; on September 4, Rumkowski, a Jew, gave a public address to ghetto parents to hand over their resettled children He gave a speech: by September 12, 15,681 people, including 5,862 children, had been transferred from the ghetto and murdered in Chelmno.
In the winter of 1944, Polish photographer Henryk Ross hid a box full of photographs of the Lodz Holocaust from the Nazis. The Russian Red Army liberated the ghetto in mid-January 1945. After the war ended, Henryk returned home, dug up the box, photographed it, and published it, shocking the public with the horrific moment captured on camera.
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Beginning on February 20, 2024, Ukrainian rockets struck twice in two days at Trdivske in the Volnovsky district of Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, where Russian troops had gathered in the open for an inspection tour. In the aftermath of the attacks, about 65 people were killed, many Russian soldiers were scattered, and piles of Russian corpses were photographed.
Russian regiments and brigades were massed in broad daylight just 16 or 32 kilometers from the front lines of the two-year war between Ukrainian and Russian forces. That distance was within range of American-made HIMAS rockets at the Ukrainian army. Twice in the past two days, the Ukrainian military side used drones to spot and attack the Russian military assembly, killing many Russian soldiers.
The first attack by Ukrainian troops, shelled on February 20, targeted Russian soldiers of the 39th Motor Rifle Brigade of the Russian Army's 39th Separate Company of the Siberian Region in Trdivske, eastern Ukraine. Two companies of Russian infantry were lined up for speeches by their commanders and military commanders. A Ukrainian military drone drone arrived overhead and was on its way to fire HIMAS (Hymers). It was in the vicinity of Vfledar, just 32 km west of the front line. The HIMAS fired GPS-guided M30/31 rockets. Each rocket was filled with about 182,000 tungsten balls.
The following day, February 21, two Russian military units gathered again in the same field for training and inspection. Separate formations of the Russian military's 328th Air Assault Regiment for Siberia, the 810th Guards Naval Infantry Brigade, and the 81st Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment gathered at Oleshky Sands National Nature Park, just about 32 km south of the Ukrainian Marine Corps bridgehead at Krynski on the left bank of the Dnipro River.
A Ukrainian military drone drone spotted them, and Ukrainian artillery, probably HIMARS, took aim and attacked. About 60 more Russian soldiers were killed. Amid the blood and bodies, the US was the main supplier to Ukraine of about three dozen M30/31 rockets for HIMARS. However, Trump's Republicans in the U.S. Congress blocked further U.S. aid to the Ukrainian military after October 2024.
Undisclosed photos of Japanese A-bomb survivors
U.S. Atomic Bomb Surveys
The National Archives College Park, Maryland
Feburay 23, 2024
473736
On July 21, 1994, a Rwandan refugee girl weeps beside the dead bodies of her parents in a refugee camp about 10 km outside Goma, Zaire. Hutus had fled from the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) in Rwanda. Thousands of Hutu refugees reached refugee camps, but cholera and other epidemics claimed many lives.
Paul Kagame, a Tutsi, drove millions of Hutu Rwandans to the borders of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya in a five-month period in 1994. Millions of Hutu Rwandans had already been killed within five months. In Rwanda under Paul Kagame, dead Rwandans had littered the ridges of a thousand hills in the space of five months. Within five months, Paul Kagame had set up roadblocks throughout Rwanda to keep Hutu men from fleeing Agafuni; within five months, millions of Hutu Rwandans had already lost their country, their parents, their uncles, their relatives, their sisters, their brothers, and their grandfathers.
Under Paul Kagame, Rwanda turned into a jungle in the space of five months in 1994. Paul Kagame ordered killings that not even the Interahamwe militia dared to carry out. Paul Kagame and the Rwandan Patriotic Front, formed by Tutsis, carried out attacks on religious leaders and refugees. Paul Kagame ordered the massacre of three Catholic bishops who had taken refuge in Kabgayi Cathedral. Kagame ordered their extermination solely because they were Bantu. Auxiliary bishops, priests, nuns, brothers, lay church leaders, youth leaders, and other clergy were also massacred. The tragic mother, Esperance Mukashema, a four-year-old Tutsi boy who took refuge in the church with her, Esperance Mukashema, a Hutu survivor of the genocide by the Tutsis, and her four-year-old son were killed along with all the catholic clergy in Gakura.
The Rwandan genocide broke out from April 7 to July 15, 1994, when Hutu extremists massacred Tutsis. The Hutu genocide killed 1,074,017 people, 94% of whom were Tutsis, and ended on July 4 when the Tutsi Patriotic Front of Rwanda overran the entire country, ending Tutsi genocide rule in Rwanda since 1994. After the victory of the Rwandan Patriotic Front, about 2 million Hutus fled to neighboring countries, especially to refugee camps in Zaire, fearing reprisals.
During the Battle of Peleliu Island in the Pacific War, Japanese soldiers were killed by American troops when they fired back with field artillery to stop American troops invading the beachhead. American soldiers surrounded and looked down on the bodies of slain Japanese field artillerymen who had attacked them with field artillery.
The date for the American landing on Peleliu Island was set for September 15, 1944. The U.S. Navy blocked access to reinforcements and resupply Japanese forces on Peleliu Island. The three days of naval bombardment preceding the Marine landings were inadequate for the Japanese fortifications that were being built on Peleliu The Japanese took advantage of the steep and rising terrain around Mount Umbulgol to build interlocking bunkers and hidden concrete shelters. When the Americans landed on Peleliu Island, they faced siege fire from their bunkers and from high ground above the sandy beach.
The Japanese fought tenaciously to prevent the Marines from securing the beach landing sites. On the night of September 15, the first landing, Japanese infiltration forces repeatedly attacked the Marine front. Although provided with shell lighting to drive back the infiltration force, the rest of the fleet withdrew to avoid the Japanese submarines. The Marines fought through the night in foxholes. The Marines had no natural water source, and by September 16 water was scarce; on September 16, the 5th and 7th Marines advanced relentlessly, while the 1st Marines advanced more slowly and encountered fierce Japanese resistance from the northern ridge. Temperatures on Peleliu rose to 45 degrees Celsius and drinking water was scarce.
The fighting on Peleliu was ineffective against the approximately 500-plus underground fortifications built by the Japanese. The long-range flamethrowers on the amphibian tractors, first employed on Peleliu, were the most effective weapons against the fortified caves. It took five regiments nearly two months to capture Mount Umurbrogol, bypassing and isolating the Japanese resistance base. The 1st Marines suffered heavy casualties in achieving their objective. The occupation of Angauru was accomplished on October 21, and Peleliu Island was declared safe.
American forces began the grueling task of isolating the Japanese resistance pocket on Mount Umurbrogol. For several weeks, they slowly advanced around the caves of Mount Umurbrogol, gradually eliminating Japanese resistance. The Japanese garrison did not attempt a banzai (suicide) assault, but instead continued to fight to the end, inflicting damage on the American forces. On Peleliu Island, the Americans stopped the Japanese reinforcements on Peleliu Island, and the American ground forces overpowered the strong Japanese forces. On Peleliu Island, the Marines lost 1,336 dead and 5,450 wounded, and the 81st Infantry Division lost 1,393 dead (including 208 killed in action). Japanese forces were crushed on Peleliu Island with 10,022 killed and 446 wounded in action.
In World War I, from October to December 1916, Serbian forces were caught between German and Bulgarian forces. After losing the Serbian mainland, the Serbian army continued to fight back on the few remaining islands of Koruk. Serbs were massacred, and relatives of Serbian women stopped by the bodies to autopsy them in search of their immediate relatives.
Serbia was a British ally and resisted Austro-Hungarian attacks early in World War I. In October 1915, Serbia was overrun in October 1916 by a central alliance of Austrian, German, and Bulgarian forces. The Serbian army retreated through the mountains of Montenegro into Albania, losing about 200,000+ Serbian soldiers in the winter snows. The surviving Serb soldiers took refuge on the island of Corfu to regroup.
On December 6, 1916, when the Bulgarians launched their attack after a heavy artillery barrage, French and British units repulsed several Bulgarian attacks. Lacking sufficient artillery, the French and British forces retreated to Salonika in northeast Greece. The Germans prevented the Bulgarians from advancing into Greece, and in 1916, they built a fortification line in the hills around Salonika. 1916, French, Serbian, Russian, and Italian troops captured the western part of the front, and Serbian troops occupied Monastir. 1918, September, Allied troops attacked Do Iran and broke through the front line. The Bulgarian army withdrew after a hard struggle against the Allied forces. The Bulgarian army was defeated, liberated Serbia, and rallied with strategic exposure of the Austrian army and Turkey. Bulgaria signed the Allied armistice on September 28, 1918.
The U.S. Navy buries at sea the dead of the crew of the USS Lexington, victims of a Japanese kamikaze suicide plane attack. Officers and crew of the aircraft carrier USS Lexington stand by as they bury at sea the bodies of their fallen aircraft carrier crew during the Battle of Leyte in the Philippines. On any given voyage or naval battle, officers and soldiers who died of disease or killed in action would be wrapped in white cloth and given a solemn burial ceremony at sea, after which their bodies would be thrown overboard, known as a sea burial.
A U.S. Navy aircraft carrier Lexington (CV-16) was hit by a kamikaze special attack aircraft on November 5, 1944, during the Battle of Leyte in the Philippines, wrecking the right center battle bridge structure. A kamikaze special attack plane, which did not survive and was killed in action when it was hit by a body blowout and self-destructed with the fighter's explosives, hit the Lexington's machine gun turret. Gasoline for the fighter ignited, causing serious damage and a large fire. After the large fire was extinguished, 47 American soldiers were killed in action and 127 were wounded in action as a result of suffocation and burning to death. Three kamikaze special attack planes were shot down by U.S. Navy anti-aircraft fire, but a fourth slipped through and struck the Lexington, exploding. During the Battle of Leyte, a kamikaze special attack plane hit near the island, destroying most of the island's structure and causing multiple fires.
After the Battle of Leyte, kamikaze aircraft appeared frequently: on October 30, 1944, U.S. Navy ships Belleau Wood (CVL-24) and Franklin (CV-13) were attacked and kamikaze aircraft crashed into the flight decks of both carriers; on November 5, Lexington (Lexington, CV-16) suffered casualties and damage when a Japanese aircraft crashed near the central battle bridge.
On November 25, in an attack on U.S.S. Cabot (CVL-28), a kamikaze suicide plane crashed on the port side of the flight deck, destroying the gun mount; a second plane crashed near the port side, sending debris and burnt remains flying into the light carrier; on November 25, Essex (CV-9) was also hit by a kamikaze suicide plane, damaging the flight deck port side; two days later, St. Louis (CL-49) was hit by a series of kamikaze suicide planes on her port side; on 29 November, Maryland (BB-46) was damaged between turrets 1 and 2 by a deliberate Japanese attack; and on 7 November, Maryland (BB-45) was hit by a kamikaze suicide plane on her port side.
During the Ormoc Bay landings on December 7, 1944, Ward (APD-16) and Lamson (DD-367) were attacked by kamikaze suicide planes and did not escape damage; during the Mindoro landings on December 15, many US Navy ships were attacked by kamikaze suicide planes. Fighter planes from Yokosuka attacked Ommani Bay (CVE-79) but were intercepted; LST-472 and LST-738 were also attacked and lost to kamikaze suicide planes.
A photo released in 2006 shows several hooded, naked Iraqis. One of them has "I'm a rapist" (I'm a rapist) written on his leg at his waist.
The photos were taken by an American soldier who was serving as a military police officer at Abu Ghraib prison. It began in late April 2004 when an American soldier obtained these photos from a friend and gave them to his commanding officer. The television program 60 Minutes II published 12 of the photos and reported that more were on the way. Some of the photos showed male and female Americans in military uniforms posing with naked Iraqi prisoners.
Photos of torture at Abu Ghraib prison, released in April 2004, sparked outrage around the world. Photos of prisoners covered in feces, chained, beaten, cut, stripped naked, with bags over their heads, and made to stand in humiliating positions. The military guards are laughing and giving thumbs up. The photograph of a prisoner with a bag over his head, tied to a wire, and standing on a box has become synonymous with the torture inflicted on prisoners at Abu Ghraib. Prisoners standing on the box were told that if they moved, the wires would catch them and they would be electrocuted.
Abu Ghraib prison in the town of Abu Ghraib was one of the most notorious prisons in Iraq during Saddam Hussein's regime. After the invasion, the U.S. military renovated it and turned it into a military prison, housing about 7,490 prisoners.
According to a 2004 report by the Red Cross, about 70-90% of the prisoners were wrongly incarcerated. Abu Ghraib prison is a prison where U.S. forces held Iraqi prisoners of war from 2003 to 2006. Abuses took place in the prison's cell blocks 1A and 1B, where certain enhanced interrogation techniques for foreign detainees were authorized by the U.S. Department of Justice in the months preceding the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Eleven U.S. soldiers were convicted by court-martial on charges related to the Abu Ghraib allegations. Seven of them were soldiers of the Maryland-based 372nd Military Police Company. Many other servicemen were not indicted but were disciplined.
Palestinian women grieve as they hold the body of a child killed in an Israeli attack on the Indonesian hospital in the northern Gaza Strip, Palestine, on November 18, 2023, amid the ongoing conflict between Israeli forces and Hamas.
On November 20, 1923, the World Health Organization (WHO), the UN health specialty, reported an attack on an Indonesian hospital in northern Gaza that killed at least 12 people, including patients and their companions admitted to the hospital, and injured dozens of others. In the latest Israeli forces continue to surround the Indonesian hospital. Shots were reportedly fired at people leaving the hospital. The Indonesian Hospital, like other hospitals in northern Gaza and Gaza City, also faced severe shortages of water, essential medicines, and supplies from power outages when the main and sub generators stopped functioning due to fuel shortages several weeks ago. The hospital put seriously injured patients and other medical emergencies at imminent risk.
During the past six weeks, there have been multiple and ongoing attacks by Israeli forces on medical facilities. The Indonesian hospital was forced to evacuate en masse, resulting in numerous casualties among patients, their companions, and those who took refuge in the hospital. Indonesian hospitals have been damaged in at least five attacks since October 7.
WHO recorded 335 medical attacks in the occupied Palestinian territories since October 7, when Israeli forces invaded, including 164 in the Gaza Strip and 171 in the West Bank The October 7 violence included 33 attacks on medical care in Israel.
As a result of the attacks and shortages of fuel, medicine, and safe water, the number of beds in Gaza fell to 1,400 from 3,500 before October 7. A critical vacuum was created for patients with trauma and other ailments requiring hospitalization. Healthcare was not the target; hospitals, safe havens, were transformed into death, devastation, and despair, and WHO reminded parties to the conflict that they have an obligation under international humanitarian law to respect and actively protect the sanctity of healthcare facilities.
非公開の日本原爆被爆者の写真
ーアメリカ軍原爆調査団ー
On the Eastern Front during World War I, a group of German soldiers surrounded a pile of Russian soldiers in the frozen snow during the winter of 1916-1917. German soldiers stood guard as they counted the number of dead groups of Russian soldiers buried in the snow.
Russia suffered a brutal defeat at the Battle of Tannenberg just weeks before the war began on August 1, 1945. Some 30,000 Russian soldiers were killed or wounded, and nearly 100,000 were taken prisoner by the Germans. By the end of the year, the Russian Empire had lost more than one million soldiers. Russian ammunition was almost exhausted and the country's infrastructure was ill-equipped to supply troops effectively.
Russian factories were unable to produce enough arms and ammunition to equip the 1.4 million troops of Czar Nicholas II. At the beginning of the war, the Russian army had about 800,000 soldiers, but they did not even have rifles for training, and those who did had only outdated weapons that were nearly 40 years old. They went into battle unarmed until they received rifles from Russian soldiers who had been killed or wounded. Russian bullet production was initially only 13,000 rounds per day.
By the spring of 1915, the Russians were in retreat before the onslaught of the German and Austrian allied forces. Along with the heavy casualties of Russian soldiers, the great retreat also created a large number of refugees. Hordes of desperate refugees poured into Russian cities already burdened with the cost of war.
Russians were starving during the war, and by early 1917, Russia was in such a serious crisis that Czar Nicholas could no longer ignore it. on February 26, three days after the protests that led to the February 23 February Revolution began in the capital Petrograd, the Czar's high command gave military and police The military and police were ordered to disperse the protests. As a result, nearly 100 people lost their lives. The next day, Russian soldiers joined the demonstrators. Nicholas II abdicated three days later, on March 15, 1917, and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed in March 1918, ended the war between Russia and the Central Alliance in World War I.
The bodies of many Confederate soldiers killed in the Battle of Gettysburg in the Civil War on July 1, 1863, were collected near McPherson's Woods in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
Union and Confederate forces made contact at Gettysburg on June 30, 1863. The main battle broke out on July 1. It began with Confederate attacks on Union forces in McPherson's Woods west of town. The Union forces held their position until the afternoon, when they were finally overrun and driven back to the south of town. That night the main Union army arrived and took up position, and in the early morning hours of July 1, the two armies clashed west of Gettysburg. The battle raged throughout the day as Union and Confederate forces arrived on the battlefield. By 4:00 p.m., the defending Union forces were defeated and retreated from Gettysburg, with many of their men taken prisoner. The remnants of the Union army massed in the rear.
On July 2, the main parts of both armies were on parallel ridges, the Union on Cemetery Ridge and the Confederates on Seminary Ridge to the west. The Confederates were ordered to attack both Union flanks; an attack on the Union left flank destroyed the base and scattered casualties. The evening attack on the Union right flank did not work in favor of the Confederates. By morning, the main forces of both armies had arrived on the battlefield. The Confederates launched attacks on the Union left and right flanks in an attempt to dislodge the Union forces from their strong positions. The attack on Longstreet's Union left flank went well, but was blocked by Union reinforcements from the center and right flanks. On the Union right wing, Confederate forces occupied part of Culpus Hill, but were repulsed elsewhere.
On July 3, Confederate artillery launched a two-hour artillery barrage against Union Federal positions. The bombardment was a temporary siege in which the artillery of both armies fought for supremacy. It had little effect in disrupting the Union defensive positions. About 12,000 Confederates charged across the open fields toward the Union center in a picket charge. The assault was a disaster, the Confederates lost more than 5,000 men in an hour, and the Confederate Battle of Gettysburg was assembled. The Confederates launched attacks on the Union left and right flanks in an attempt to dislodge the Union forces from their strong positions. The Confederate attack on Longstreet, on the Union left flank, proceeded well, but was blocked by Union reinforcements from the center and right flanks. On the Union right wing, the Confederates captured part of Culpus Hill, but were repulsed elsewhere.
On November 19, President Abraham Lincoln traveled to Gettysburg to participate in the dedication of the new Soldiers' National Cemetery. His brief "Gettysburg Address," a speech of the people by the people and for the people, memorialized the sacrifices of the soldiers who had struggled at Gettysburg.
Undisclosed photos of Japanese A-bomb survivors U.S. Atomic Bomb Surveys The National Archives College Park, Maryland Febur...
