On March 1, 1934, the Japanese Army's Kwantung Army, which ruled Manchukuo, executed numerous Chinese bandits. The bodies of the many bandits who were killed were scattered across the wilderness of Manchuria.

   From March 1, 1934, when the Manchukuo state was established, the Japanese military's Kwantung Army, which controlled Manchuria, executed numerous Chinese bandits. The bodies of the many bandits killed were scattered across the barren lands of Manchuria.

    Bandits are thieves who commit crimes such as looting and violence in groups. In Japan, the term often refers to irregular armed groups in modern China.The character of Bandits contains meanings such as “non-human” or “villain.” Bandits typically operate in rural or remote mountainous regions where government authority is weak, and their groups often consist of economically bankrupt farmers, fallen landowners and intellectuals, and defeated soldiers.

    Historically, in China after the 19th century, due to the weakness of central authority, various armed groups emerged in local areas, and those with anti-government or anti-social tendencies were labeled as bandits. These bandits formed groups ranging from dozens to thousands of people and raided rural areas to loot.Some were reorganized into government forces and became warlords. Bandits were not merely common thieves but were recognized as irregular armed groups with social and historical backgrounds.

Manchukuo was a state established on September 15, 1932, through the Japan-Manchuria Agreement, following the Manchurian Incident, which resulted in the occupation of Manchuria (present-day northeastern China, including Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces), Inner Mongolia, and Rehe Province by the Japanese Kwantung Army. It is generally regarded as a puppet state of Japan.The capital was Xinjing (formerly Changchun), and the slogan was the construction of a “kingdom of harmony” based on the “five-ethnic harmony” of the Japanese, Manchurian, Han Chinese, Mongolian, and Korean ethnic groups.After welcoming the deposed Qing emperor Aisin Gioro Puyi as head of state, the state transitioned to an imperial system on March 1, 1934, with Puyi as emperor. While ministers were primarily Manchu, key positions were controlled by Japanese under the command of the Kwantung Army commander.