On February 13th 1991, the thick concrete roof of an air-raid shelter in the Amiriya district was blown off like butter. The American government claimed that it was being used as a military command post, while the Iraqis denied this, saying that it was for civilian use only. This bombing, which killed over 300 people, caused widespread shock. Reporters were taken to a hospital in Baghdad, where they took photographs of the many bodies that had been brought there. No evidence was found that there were any soldiers in the bunker, but the clothing of the dead had been burnt away, so it was impossible to confirm this.
In the early hours of February 13th 1991, a precision-guided bomb from the coalition forces hit the Amiriya bunker in Baghdad. Television stations broadcast graphic images of charred bodies being carried out of the building. Iraq reported that over 300 people, mainly women and children, had been killed. The bunker was originally built as an air raid shelter during the Iran-Iraq War and later converted into a military command and control center. In 1991, it was used as a military communications center complete with barbed wire, camouflage and armed guards. Selected civilians entered the top floor at night, while the Iraqi military continued to use the lower floors as a command and control center. All Iraqi military bunkers were also designated to house civilians.
After the attack, the US defended the targeting of the Amiriya bunker, claiming it was a military command center. The US military found it difficult to distinguish between people in military uniforms and civilians using intelligence-gathering satellites alone. In a report several months after the attack, Human Rights Watch concluded that the coalition forces had failed in their duty to use means and methods of attack that minimized the possibility of civilian casualties. After the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq, the coalition forces closed off the bomb site and the photos of the victims in the underground bunker were not made public.
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