The brothers Carlo Rosselli (Above) and Nello Rosselli (Below), murdered by the henchmen of the C.S.A.R. at June 9, 1937. This was the case of the Rosselli brothers, Italian anti-fascist militants, who were cowardly shot in the woods.

1937年6月9日に、カルロ・ロッセリとその弟ネッロは、イタリアのファシストの命令により、フランスの極右運動「ラ・カグール」によって、フランスのノルマンディの田舎道で殺害された。陰謀が発覚する前、フィリオルとマーティン医師に率いられたカグール党の暴漢たちは、気に入らない相手を喜んで殺害した。イタリアの反ファシスト活動家であるロッセリ兄弟もその犠牲者であり、卑劣にも森の中で銃殺された。彼らの車を停めれた時に、兄カルロは何度も刺された。弟ネッロも刺されたが、抵抗して犯人はネッロを射殺した。1937年に、ムッソリーニの命令でフランスで暗殺されたとき、兄弟の葬列は20万人もの人々に見守られペール・ラシェーズ墓地に向かった。

　兄弟がムッソリーニに対して抵抗を起こす起点は、1925年1月に、社会主義者の代議士ジャコモ・マッテオッティが暗殺された事件を起点に、兄弟らは最初の反ファシスト新聞の一つである『ノン・モラーレ(あきらめるな)』を創刊した。この新聞が弾圧された後に、1926年に、カルロはピエトロ・ネンニとともに第二の反ファシスト雑誌『イル・クァルト・スタート』を創刊した。1929年、カルロらは、反ファシスト組織であるジュスティツィア・エ・リベルタを設立した。

 1930年代初頭に、マルクス主義者のアントニオ・グラムシが投獄され、他の反ファシストの指導者たちが殺害され、イタリア全土がファシストの支配下に置かれた。逮捕を予期したカルロは、弟のネロとともにフランスに逃れた。1936年11月にバルセロナラジオで有名な演説で、カルロ・ロッセッリは、ヨーロッパの反ファシズムで最もカリスマ的影響力のある一人だった。

暗殺されたカルロ・ロッセリ (兄)

　　　　　　　　暗殺されたネッロ・ロッセリ (弟) 

Medical Records of Atomic Bomb Victims: T. Mitake, showing keloids on the back and arms caused by the Atomic Bomb dropped in Hiroshima, Japan.

                         Undisclosed photos of Japanese

Atomic-bomb survivors

U.S. Atomic Bomb Surveys

The National Archives College Park, Maryland

February 23, 2024  

SC-295904

 

SC-295904

(FEG-47-77492)

7 JULY 1947

MEDICAL RECORDS OF ATOMIC BOMB VICTIMS:

T. MITAKE, SHOWING KELOIDS ON THE BACK AND ARMS CAUSED BY THE ATOMIC BOMB DROPPED IN HIROSHIMA, JAPAN. PICTURE TAKEN FOR THE ATOMIC BOMB CASUALTY COMMISSION.

PHOTOGRAPHER-SNELL

PHOTOGRAPH BY U.S. ARMY SIGNAL CORPS.

Atomic Bomb Casualties

RELEASED FOR PUBLICATION, PUBLIC INFORM IN DIVISION, WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON

15678 115

On February 1st 2025, Ukrainian rescue workers spent the night rescuing 22 people from the rubble and carrying out the dead on stretchers after a Russian missile attack on a residential building in the central Ukrainian city of Poltava.

     On February 1st 2025, Ukrainian rescue workers discovered another body at the site of the Russian missile attack on a residential building in the central Ukrainian city of Poltava. Paramedics spent the night rescuing 22 people from the rubble and carrying them away on stretchers. Firefighters and dozens of rescue workers searched through the rubble and carried the dead away on stretchers.

   A missile hit a high-rise apartment building in the city of Poltava and it exploded. The first to fifth floors of the building were destroyed, and most of it turned into rubble, causing a fire. Eighteen nearby apartment buildings and a kindergarten were also damaged. Smoke rose from the piles of rubble outside the building, and some of it was twisted lumps of metal and construction materials. The number of Ukrainian casualties from the Russian rocket attack on Poltava reached 14, including two children aged 9 and 12. A further 20 people were injured, four of whom were infants aged just three months.

    The General Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine reported that, according to preliminary data analysis, the Russian military had attacked with Kh-22 supersonic cruise missiles. The Russian military regularly attacked Ukrainian regions with various weapons, extensively destroying civilian facilities in Ukraine with drones, rockets, artillery and various types of bombs. Russian authorities deny targeting civilian Ukrainians. Even though President Donald Trump advocated for an immediate ceasefire at the White House, the fighting in Ukraine did not subside.

Warning: Rescuers found another body at the site of a Russian missile attack on a residential building in Poltava / Photo by the SES

During the Battle of Iwo Jima in the Pacific War, Japanese soldiers launched a surprise attack on the American army's tent encampment to the south of the western village in the early hours of March 26, 1945. The Japanese army was annihilated in a suicidal charge, and the number of abandoned bodies came to 196.

 　During the Battle of Iwo Jima in the Pacific War, the American military used tanks and flame throwers to wipe out the Japanese soldiers hiding in the cave positions. The Japanese soldiers, cornered by the American military, launched a surprise attack on the tent positions of the American Marine Corps and Army Air Corps to the south of the western village in the early morning of March 26th 1945. The battle lasted for about three hours, and although some of the Japanese troops managed to break through to Wonsan and Chidori Airfield, they were eventually annihilated. The number of Japanese soldiers' bodies abandoned by their comrades reached 196. The bodies of the Japanese soldiers, who had been scattered around the American tents, were left lying around in a pitiful state after the battle.

　　On March 17, the American forces reached the northernmost tip of Iwo Jima, known as “Kitanohana”. Tadamichi Kuribayashi was promoted to the youngest-ever Army General of the Japanese Army and Navy with special permission dated March 17. On March 17, the final orders were sent to the various units, with the intention of launching a final general offensive. From March 18th onwards, the American forces ceased their naval bombardment and air raids, and withdrew their marines to the rear, switching to a strategy of firepower blockade using tanks and mortars, in order to avoid close combat with the Japanese forces. The Japanese forces judged that the time was right for an attack on March 24th, and decided to launch a general offensive at night on March 25th.The Japanese soldiers were ordered to release all remaining food and water supplies, and to quench their thirst and hunger.

　　General Tadamichi Kuribayashi led the troops out of the underground bunker at around 2am on March 26th. The 400-strong Japanese army continued its advance. At 5:15am, they discovered the American camp and launched a full-scale attack. The battle became a huge melee in the pitch dark, throwing the American troops into chaos. Reinforcements arrived from the US army, and after three hours of fierce fighting, the Japanese army's attack force was repelled. The US army suffered 53 casualties and 119 wounded. After the final general attack, 262 bodies of Japanese soldiers were left behind, and 18 were taken prisoner.

At the end of World War II, the bodies of American soldiers were found in the Rhine River near Koblenz in western Germany on April 20th, 1945. Soldiers from the 209th Field Artillery Regiment of the US Army collected the bodies in boats.

 第二次世界大戦末期の西部戦線にて、ドイツ西部のコブレンツの付近を流れるライン川において、1945年4月20日にアメリカ軍兵士の死体が発見された。アメリカ軍の第209野戦砲兵大体の兵士らが、舟艇で死体を収容した。コブレンツはドイツの都市で、ライン川中流域とモーゼル川の支流にある。第二次世界大戦の間、ドイツ軍陸軍B群司令部が置かれ、多くの連合国軍軍から、激しい爆撃を受けた。

　1945年3月16日から3月19日にかけては、アメリカ軍第87歩兵師団がランバージャック作戦を執行するためにドイツ軍と激しい戦闘を行った。ランバージャック作戦は、1945年3月1日から3月25日にアメリカ軍がライン川西岸を占領し、ドイツの主要都市を占領することを目的とした軍事作戦であった。

　ドイツ軍はライン川を渡ろうとする連合軍の奮闘を何度も挫いていた。ランバージャック作戦により、連合軍はモーゼル以北のライン川からドイツ軍を排除した。 連合軍はドイツ軍の第15軍と第7軍の4軍団を壊滅した。予定されていたライン川横断を早めることができた。連合軍は、奇跡的にライン川に残存していたルーデンドルフ橋が3月17日に占領して10日後に崩壊するまでに、連合軍の6個師団をライン川を渡らせた。25人の兵士が死亡または行方不明となり、3人が負傷のため後に死亡、63人が負傷した。

During the Battle of Guadalcanal in the Pacific War, the bodies of Japanese soldiers were exposed to the elements in the trenches of the Japanese army. The Japanese army trenches on the hillside were constructed with logs and earth.

 　During the Battle of Guadalcanal in the Pacific War, the bodies of Japanese soldiers lay exposed to the elements in a Japanese army trench. The Japanese trenches, discovered on a hillside on Guadalcanal Island, were constructed of logs and earth.

　　U.S. forces landed on Guadalcanal on August 7, 1942, and occupied Henderson Airfield, which was under construction by the Japanese. The U.S. forces faced many difficulties due to the harsh jungle environment, limited supplies, and fierce resistance from Japanese forces who counterattacked in an attempt to push back to the sea.The Battle of Guadalcanal soon became a harsh and fierce battle, with both sides suffering heavy losses. Japanese soldiers fought tenacious battles throughout the jungle, repeatedly counterattacking American forces using stealth and ambush tactics. The Japanese sent reinforcements to Guadalcanal with their battleships, but were ultimately unsuccessful. The Americans invaded the treacherous terrain in the face of constant threats from the Japanese.

　　In early November 1942, the Japanese once again organized a convoy of about 7,000 Japanese infantry troops and equipment to Gadar Canal in an attempt to retake Henderson Airfield. Japanese warships bombarded Henderson Airfield in an attempt to destroy Allied aircraft threatening the convoy. In two extremely destructive surface engagements during the night, both sides lost numerous battleships.

　　During the seven months of the Battle of Guadalcanal, until February 9, 1943, when the remaining Japanese forces, numbering about 12,000, withdrew, the U.S. forces suffered heavy casualties, with about 7,100 killed and 8,000 wounded. The Japanese forces suffered approximately 19,000+ killed and an unknown number wounded.

On August 13th 1940, the German army shot dead Poles in Urszyna, near Warsaw, Poland. The victims were knocked down, blindfolded and had plaster put in their mouths. They were shot dead from a short distance of about 2 meters by a firing squad.

    On August 13th 1940, the Germans shot dead Poles in Urszyna, near Warsaw, Poland. The victims were knocked down, blindfolded and their mouths stuffed with plaster. They were shot dead from a distance of about two meters by a firing squad. The bodies of the victims were examined and collected in a hollow in the field.

    In the vicinity of the forest near the village of Apollonka, near Janów, the Gestapo and the Security Police executed 15 young Poles by shooting them as part of Operation AB (Abnormal Pacification). This was a measure taken in all the territories of Poland occupied by the Germans. Polish prisoners of war captured in Operation AB were to be killed near the place of their imprisonment. The killing of prisoners was disguised as the execution of a sentence, and was preceded by a summary trial procedure carried out by the police.

     In places such as Czestochowa in Poland, Operation AB began on the night of June 3rd to 4th, 1940. The arrests were carried out by police officers and Gestapo officers based on a list of people to be arrested. This included people who had already been imprisoned by the Gestapo. The prisoners were taken to the prison in Czestochowa. The arrests spread to the intelligentsia and the working world, and suspected of being involved in the resistance movement. On June 28, June 29, July 1, July 3, July 4, August 13, August 16, and September 25, 1940, executions were carried out in which around 90 Poles were shot dead in the villages of Olsztyn, Apollonka, and Wigoda (near Cieśkowa).

Leningrad was besieged by the German army for 872 days from June 22, 1941 to January 27, 1944. Starvation devastated the city, and people collapsed in the streets and died, their bodies scattered around.

   On June 22, 1941, the German army launched Operation Barbarossa, an invasion of the Soviet Union. The Wehrmacht advanced and reached the gates of Leningrad on September 8, and the city was besieged for 872 days until January 27, 1944. Starvation devastated the city, and people collapsed in the streets and their lifeless bodies lay scattered about. The bodies were collected to be buried in the mass graves at the Volkhov Cemetery. They began to slowly fall to the ground in the streets and died of exposure. The citizens had become completely accustomed to death and walked by indifferently. Since there was no one to clear away the bodies, they lay there for a long time.

   The frozen Lake Ladoga was the only route connecting Leningrad to the outside world. The Soviet army secured food supplies along the “Road of Life”, a road made across the ice of Lake Ladoga to get through the cold. The dangerous ice road, named “The Road of Life” by the Russians, was only passable at night. When the city was liberated in January 1944, more than 90% of the survivors had lost a great deal of weight, and the siege had claimed more than a million lives, including victims of bombing, malnutrition and frostbite. The Leningraders received only 86 tons of food per day.

   From mid-November 1941 to the end of January 1942, the number of famine victims increased rapidly, and more than 4,000 people died every day in Leningrad. More than 1,400 people were arrested on suspicion of cannibalism, and more than 300 people were executed. Decapitated corpses were seen everywhere. The majority of those who broke through the blockade from the Neva River Bridge were killed or injured, and one of the few who returned to active duty in October 1941 was the father of Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Col. John R. Hall, Surgeon of 10th Corps, describes affects of atomic bomb on a woman with face burns to members of Far Eastern Advisory Commission, January 26, 1946.

                            Undisclosed photos of Japanese

Atomic-bomb survivors

U.S. Atomic Bomb Surveys

The National Archives College Park, Maryland

February 23, 2024  

SC-241243

SC-241243

Col. John R. Hall, Surgeon of 10th Corps, describes affects of atomic bomb on a woman with face burns to members of Far Eastern Advisory Commission. 1/26/46

Signal Corps Photo AMPA-46-64690 (Direda), released by BPR 4/1/46.

orig. neg. Lot 13534  Pg

On March 18, 2025, a relative held the body of a child who had died after an Israeli air strike in the morgue of a hospital in Khan Younis in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, while grieving.

     On March 18, 2025, immediate family members grievingly hold the body of a child who died after an Israeli airstrike at a hospital morgue in Khan Younis in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. The southern city of Khan Younis was engulfed in explosions and plumes of smoke. Ambulances carried the casualties to Nasser Hospital, where patients lay on the floor and screamed.

     Israeli forces launched airstrikes across the Gaza Strip in the early hours of March 18, the heaviest offensive in the Gaza Strip since the ceasefire took effect in January, targeting Hamas in a hypothetical attack. Palestinian authorities reported that at least 200 people were killed. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said he ordered the airstrikes because of the lack of progress in negotiations to extend the ceasefire. Israeli officials said the operation is expected to be expanded indefinitely. U.S. officials expressed support for Israel's military action. The war has fully resumed, and the fate of some 20 Israeli hostages held by Hamas is now unknown.

     The March 18 airstrikes erupted two months after a temporary cease-fire in the war was reached. For six weeks, the Hamas side released 25 Israeli hostages and eight bodies in exchange for about 2,000 Palestinian prisoners as the first phase of the ceasefire. When the ceasefire ended two weeks ago, the remaining 59 hostages (35 of whom were killed) were released, and a second phase of the ceasefire could not be agreed upon.

Warning: A man holds the body of a dead child after Israeli airstrikes at the morgue of the hospital in Khan Younis, Gaza Strip, on March 18, 2025. (Mohammad Jahjouh/Ap)

On the Western Front of World War II, American troops stormed into Nuremberg in central Germany on April 16th 1945. The battlefield of Nuremberg, which ended on April 20th, was strewn with the bodies of German soldiers who had been killed.

      On the Western Front of World War II, the American army stormed into Nuremberg, the birthplace of Nazi Germany, in central Germany, on April 16th 1945. In the city of Nuremberg, a hand-to-hand battle broke out between the American and German armies. The bodies of the German soldiers who had been killed lay piled up on the battlefield of Nuremberg, which ended on April 20th.

     On April 20th, the American army surrounded the old town. In response to the fierce resistance of the German army, the American army deployed heavy artillery and fighter planes. The mayor, Willy Liebel, committed suicide in a bunker. German soldiers were ordered to continue fighting. The American army gave the German army four opportunities to surrender peacefully. The German army realized that they could no longer hold the city, and all German soldiers in the area were ordered to surrender. On the night of April 20th, coincidentally Hitler's 56th birthday, the American flag was raised and the battle officially ended.

    The Battle of Nuremberg was a fierce urban battle that lasted for five days from April 16th to April 20th, 1945 at the end of World War II. At the end of the war, the Allied forces had the advantage in terms of manpower, equipment and vehicles, and they advanced throughout Germany. They cleared out the buildings in the old town and killed the German soldiers who had hidden in the basements and air raid shelters. The Nazi German army had a deluded belief that they would ultimately triumph over the American army. April 20th marked the climax of the battle in the city, which was notorious for its role in the Nazi party. Nuremberg was the birthplace of the Nazi regime, and the German army's surrender dealt a blow to Nazi Germany.

      The Allies used Nuremberg as a symbol of Nazi Germany, and the Nuremberg Trials were held from November 20, 1945, when the 21 defendants appeared in court, until October 1, 1946. After the first international military tribunal, the United States held a further 12 trials in Nuremberg. In total, 199 defendants were tried, 161 were found guilty and 37 were sentenced to death.

 

During the Battle of Attu in the Pacific War, on May 30th 1943, the Japanese army launched a final banzai charge in search of food at a point known as “Butcher's Bay”. American soldiers conducted an autopsy on the bodies of the Japanese soldiers scattered across Attu Island on June 1st.

　　  In the Battle of Attu during the Pacific War, on May 30th 1943, the Japanese army launched a final banzai charge in search of food at a point known as “Slaughter Bay”. Some Japanese soldiers took American gun turrets or food. In the end, cornered by the Americans, the Japanese soldiers on Attu killed or committed suicide. American soldiers performed autopsies on the bodies of the Japanese soldiers scattered across Attu Island on June 1st.

　　The Battle of Attu ended after the last Japanese soldier's banzai charge broke through the American lines, and most of the Japanese defenders were killed in brutal hand-to-hand combat. On May 29th, the Japanese army led the remaining soldiers in a banzai charge against the American army with no hope of rescue. The surprise attack broke through the American front line. The shocked American rear guard immediately engaged in hand-to-hand combat with the Japanese soldiers. The fighting continued until almost all of the Japanese soldiers had been annihilated. In the 19 days of fighting, 549 soldiers of the American 7th Infantry Division were killed and more than 1,200 were wounded. The Japanese army suffered 2,351 deaths and 28 were taken prisoner.

　　On May 30, of the approximately 1,400 Japanese who had been in the valley until the previous day, May 29, only 28 survived. The rest had either been killed in action or had committed suicide by placing a grenade against their chest. When the American troops came across the Japanese hospital, all of the wounded had been killed by the doctors. The Battle of Attu was ranked as the second deadliest battle (in proportion to the number of troops engaged) for the US military in the Pacific War, second only to Iwo Jima.

The German army attacked the whole of Britain with large-scale air raids from September 7th 1940 to May 10th 1941. British rescue teams dug up the bodies and injured of British citizens who were buried and buried together in the rubble, with only their hands sticking out.

　 The Blitz was a series of German air raids on the United Kingdom during World War II, from September 7, 1940 to May 10, 1941. British rescue workers dug through the rubble to recover the bodies and injured of British citizens who had been buried alive, with only their hands sticking out. The bombing of Merseyside in north-west England by the German army reached its peak during the Blitzkrieg of seven nights from May 1st to 7th, 1941. In particular, the dockside area of Bootle was targeted by German bombers, and during the Blitzkrieg on Liverpool, around 90% of the town's houses were damaged.

　　Bootle, which is adjacent to the city of Liverpool and has many docks, became the area in Britain that was bombed the most. The number of civilian deaths due to German military hostilities in the Bootle borough was recorded as 458. On May 8, the Emergency Committee of Liverpool recorded that more than half of the 1,000 bodies that had already been taken to the mortuary in Webster Road were unidentified.

　　The town of Bootle, which has the largest dock in the port adjacent to Liverpool, was left with only about 15% of its houses after the final attack on May 10, 1941. For seven nights from May 1, 1941, Bootle was one of the most bombed places in Britain, with more than 1,000 people killed or injured and more than 80% of the houses damaged or destroyed. More than 20,000 residents lost their homes in the air raids. Electricity, gas and water supplies were all cut off, and thousands of people relied on the services of army canteens to secure their meals. Many bridges were bombed, railway lines were blown up, and trains and trams were also badly damaged. Many schools, churches and shops were destroyed by high explosives and parachute mines that rained down on Bootle over seven nights in May. Warehouses, timber yards and factories were set on fire by incendiary bombs and burned to the ground in large fires.

The bodies of victims of starvation lay scattered on the streets of Kharkiv, Ukraine. In Ukraine, particularly in 1932-1933, the Holodomor, a man-made famine-induced massacre by the Soviet Union, caused the deaths of millions of people.

 　  The bodies of victims of starvation lay scattered on the streets of Kharkiv, Ukraine. In Ukraine, particularly in 1932-1933, the Holodomor, a man-made famine, caused the deaths of millions of people. Not only due to crop failures and natural disasters, but also due to the man-made genocide by Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union, Ukrainians starved to death.

    From 1917, the Ukrainian national liberation movement developed rapidly within the territory of the Russian Empire. On January 22, 1918, the Central Council of the Ukrainian People's Republic declared the independence of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The territory of Ukraine, which had been divided between empires, was unified into a single state under a unification law. In the early 1920s, the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia and the Soviet Red Army occupied the Ukrainian People's Republic. Most of Ukraine came under the Soviet Union.

      At the end of the 1920s, Stalin consolidated all political power in the Soviet Union and he began forced collectivization and industrialization. In 1929, tens of thousands of agents of the State Political Administration, Communist Party cadres, and ordinary party members arrived in Ukrainian villages and forced peasants to join collective farms. In the first four months of 1930, more than 113,000 wealthy peasants were deported from Soviet Ukraine.

  In February and March 1930, uprisings and armed demonstrations against the forced collectivization of farmland swept through the Ukrainian countryside. In 1930, more than 4,000 particularly large-scale protests broke out in Soviet Ukraine, involving 1.2 million peasants. In 1931, collectivization began again, and it spread not only to entire villages but also to individual families. The Soviet authorities collectivized around 70% of the Ukrainian farmers on the farms. In 1931, almost all of the crops were taken from the farmers in order to secure the set harvest quota.

    At the beginning of 1932, Ukrainian villages were already starving, unable to have enough grain to sow the fields, and there were deaths from starvation in Ukrainian villages. In August 1932, the infamous “Spikelet Law” was issued, and anyone who “stole” collective farm property was executed. In the first half of 1933 there was an explosion in the death rate in Ukraine. From the end of 1932 to 1933, food and livestock other than grain were forcibly confiscated from the peasants. In January and February 1933, large-scale searches were carried out in the gardens and houses of private homes, and all remaining food was confiscated. The number of victims was estimated to be between 4 and 10 million.

On June 15th 1941, ten Polish residents were shot dead in public execution on the wall of a church in Gąbin, Poland, which was under German occupation, on the Eastern Front of World War II.

 　On the eastern front of World War II, ten Polish residents were shot dead in public execution on the wall of the church in Gąbin, Poland, which was under German occupation, on June 15th 1941. The residents of Gąbin were forced to gather in the market square to watch the public execution.

　　Gąbin was invaded by the German army during the invasion of Poland, which marked the beginning of World War II on September 1st 1939. The German army entered Gąbin and the surrounding towns on September 17th 1939, and a cruel period of occupation began. The Polish people suffered various cruelties at the hands of the German army. The German army immediately arrested a large number of local Poles and deported them to the Mauthausen concentration camp, where they were killed. The Germans also carried out massacres of Poles in Gąbin itself.

　　From the beginning of the war against Poland, the German army carried out massacres and executions of civilians. Many German soldiers massacred and executed civilians. Mass executions were carried out in public places such as town squares to instill fear. Between December 7, 1939 and July 17, 1941, around 1,700 Poles were killed in secret executions.

　　It is estimated that around 6 million Polish citizens died during World War II. Most of these were civilian Poles killed by military action by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union and the Lithuanian Security Police. Others included Ukrainian nationalist organizations and factions. In occupied Poland, war crimes were committed on a scale that was unprecedented in the rest of Europe.

The boy, S. Tamura, had burns on his legs from the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima, and he was photographed on July 5th, 1947 for the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission.

　　　　　　　　Undisclosed photos of Japanese

Atomic-bomb survivors

U.S. Atomic Bomb Surveys

The National Archives College Park, Maryland

　　　　　　　　　　February 23, 2024     　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　

SC-296911

 

SC-296911

(FEC-47-17498) 5 JULY 1947

MEDICAL RECORDS OF ATOMIC BOMB VICTIMS:

S. TAMURA, BURN SCARS ON THE LEGS CAUSED BY THE ATOMIC BOMB DROPPED IN HIROSHIMA.

PICTURE TAKEN FOR THE ATOMIC BOMB CASUALTY COMMISSION.

PHOTOGRAPHER-SNELL

PHOTOGRAPH BY U.S. ARMY SIGNAL CORPS.

RELEASED FOR PUBLICATION

PUBLIC INFORM TION DIVISION

WASHINGTON

WAR DEPARTME

15678  115

On March 15, 2025, the bodies of Ukrainian soldiers lay on the ground in the area of the Kursk region of Russia that had been recaptured by the Russian army. On March 15, the Russian and Ukrainian armies engaged in a fierce air battle throughout the night.

　　During the Russo-Ukrainian War, the Russian Ministry of Defense's press office provided the Associated Press with photos of the bodies of Ukrainian soldiers, which were then released by the Ukrainian Ministry of Emergency Situations. On March 15, 2025, the bodies of Ukrainian soldiers were lying on the ground in the area of the Kursk region of Russia that had been recaptured by Russian forces. On March 15, the Russian and Ukrainian armies engaged in a fierce air battle throughout the night.

　　On March 15, the Ukrainian Air Force announced that the Russian army had fired 178 drones and two ballistic missiles into Ukrainian airspace throughout the night. The attacks involved a mixture of Shahed-type drones and imitation drones designed to disrupt air defense networks. Around 130 of the drones were shot down, and a further 38 failed to reach their targets. The air battle broke out within 24 hours of March 13, when Russian President Vladimir Putin met with special envoy Steve Witkov to discuss a US ceasefire proposal.

　　On March 14, the American authorities said that thousands of Ukrainian troops had been surrounded by Russian troops. The Ukrainian authorities said that Ukrainian troops had maintained their position in the Kursk region of Russia. Ukrainian troops continued to block Russian and North Korean troops in the Kursk region. Debris from a drone fell in the Volgograd region of Russia, causing a fire in the Krasnoarmeysky district. The nearby airport was temporarily closed to flights, and there were no casualties. The Volgograd Oil Refinery was targeted by Ukrainian forces on February 15th, and drones have been shot at it since Russia invaded Ukraine more than three years ago.

During the Battle of Okinawa in the Pacific War, the bodies of Japanese soldiers who had been killed were lying face down in front of the trenches. During the Battle of Okinawa, both Japanese soldiers and Japanese residents were caught up in the fighting and killed.

      During the Battle of Okinawa in the Pacific War, the bodies of Japanese soldiers who had been killed were lying face down in front of the trenches. During the Battle of Okinawa, both Japanese soldiers and Japanese residents were caught up in the fighting and killed. Among them, there were many who were killed not only by the American military, but also by the Japanese military. The fighting was fierce, and at close range, the American and Japanese forces engaged each other on the slopes of many hills, and in caves, trenches, foxholes and pillboxes.

    In the fighting that continued until June 23, 1945, around 100,000 combatants and 200,000 civilians died. Boys and girls organized into groups such as the Tekketsu Kin'o-tai and Himeyuri Butai also became victims of the Battle of Okinawa. Approximately 800 Okinawan civilians were killed by the Japanese military for reasons such as being in the way of the fighting.

   Before the American invasion of Okinawa, the Japanese military constructed a complex system of strongholds in the southern part of the island. The defensive line, which stretched from east to west, crossed the length of the island. The defensive line, which was built on ridges, hills and cliffs, turned the terrain into a fortress. The US 10th Army, which had landed on the western side of Okinawa Island, pushed straight south towards the Japanese military headquarters in Shuri, penetrating the stronghold of the defensive network prepared by the Japanese military. One of the fiercest battles of the Pacific War was fought here.

   The US invasion was paid for in blood by the Japanese military, who were outnumbered and fighting a defensive battle in dug-in trenches. The Japanese terrain and fortifications proved to be a formidable obstacle for the American forces. The intense heat and incessant downpours throughout most of May 1945 hampered the American advance. The American 10th Army had only advanced a short distance in the seven weeks since the battle began. By the end of May, the rain had eased and the Japanese forces had been considerably weakened, and it took the Americans only four weeks to make the final 16km push to the southern tip of Okinawa Island.

After the Nazi German army retreated from the Battle of Stalingrad, the local residents began searching for their missing relatives. The parents gazed in grief as they discovered the body of their son, who had died of exposure on the snowy battlefield in the southern Russian city of Pyt-Yagorsk.

   After the Nazi German army retreated from the Battle of Stalingrad on the Eastern Front during World War II, the local residents began searching for their missing relatives. The parents gazed in grief as they discovered the body of their son, who had died of frostbite on the snowy battlefield in the southern Russian city of Pyatigorsk. Local residents surrounded them and watched on.

   From the Barbarossa Operation of World War II, the Wehrmacht temporarily occupied Pyatigorsk in the Soviet Union. In 1942, Einsatzgruppe D's Einsatzkommando 12 set up its headquarters in Pyatigorsk. The German army occupied the area and killed many of the local Jewish residents. The starting point for the operation in Pyatigorsk was reached by the Wehrmacht on August 10th 1942, and they reached the Khadar Gorge on August 16th. On August 21st, troops from the German 1st Mountain Division raised the Nazi German flag on the summit of Mount Elbrus, the highest peak in the Caucasus and Europe. During the German occupation, mass executions were carried out by Gestapo executioners. The Battle of Stalingrad, which broke out on June 28th 1942, quickly developed into a large-scale battle due to the tenacious resistance of the Soviet army and large-scale counterattacks. At the end of 1942, in the Battle of Stalingrad in the Caucasus, local partisans, who knew every valley and path, fought along the roads of the Ossetian army.

   On January 11, 1943, the Soviet army liberated Pyatigorsk from the invading German army. In early 1943, the German army began to withdraw from other areas. They built a defensive line (the Kuban Bridgehead) on the Taman Peninsula and launched a new campaign in the Caucasus. The Germans were ordered to retreat again, and by September 1943, the fighting in the Caucasus had effectively ended. On February 28, 1943, the German forces in the besieged city of Stalingrad were forced to surrender.

During the Battle of Iwo Jima in the Pacific War, Japanese soldiers were killed and fell by the American army on Iwo Jima. The Japanese army was completely wiped out by the American army in caves and strongholds through relentless close-quarters combat.

　　　During the Battle of Iwo Jima in the Pacific War, Japanese soldiers were killed and fell by the American army on Iwo Jima. Both the Japanese and American armies continued to fight fiercely, suffering heavy casualties. The Battle of Iwo Jima, which the American army invaded on February 19th 1945, broke out. The Japanese army was completely wiped out from caves and other strongholds by relentless close-quarters attacks. The Battle of Iwo Jima was fought in a landscape of molten sulfur and steam, defensive terrain, continuous underground tunnels, treacherous waves, and hundreds of hidden fighting positions housing fanatical, suicidal Japanese soldiers.

　　　In the 36 days of fighting on Iwo Jima, the amphibious troops killed a staggering 22,000 Japanese soldiers and sailors. The US Marine Corps and Navy assault troops suffered 24,053 casualties, of which 6,140 were killed. It was also the only battle in which the US suffered more casualties than the Japanese. Nearly 700 Americans per square kilometer died. On an area the size of a football pitch, an average of more than one US soldier and five Japanese soldiers died, and five US soldiers were injured.

　　The Battle of Iwo Jima ended on March 26th 1945, and the American occupation of Iwo Jima increased the range, payload and survivability of large bombers. The B-29s based in the Mariana Islands increased the monthly tonnage of high explosives dropped on Japan by 11 times in March alone. On April 7, 80 P-51 Mustangs took off from Iwo Jima to escort the B-29s attacking the Nakajima Aircraft Factory in Tokyo. The US Air Force made good use of Iwo Jima as an emergency landing site, and by the end of the Pacific War, a total of 2,251 B-29s had been forced to land on Iwo Jima, corresponding to 24,761 aircrew.

On April 30th 1943, members of the International Commission looked down on the mass grave in the Katyn Forest in Smolensk, Poland, where the bodies of Polish officers and others were buried.

      On April 30th 1943, the bodies of Poles who had fallen victim to Stalin's terror were exhumed from the Katyn Forest in Smolensk, Poland. Members of the international commission looked down on the mass grave where the bodies of Polish officers and others were buried. The bodies discovered in the mass grave in Katyn Forest had all been shot once or several times with a 7.65mm pistol at close range in the back of the head. Most of the bodies had their hands tied behind their backs, and bayonet wounds were found on many of the bodies. In the spring of 1943, 4,140 bodies were discovered in the mass grave in Katyn Forest.

    On April 13th 1943, Nazi Germany announced the Katyn massacre by the Soviet army on a broadcast from Berlin. Local residents from Smolensk reported to the German authorities that mass executions had been carried out by Soviet Bolsheviks, and that the Soviet secret police (NKVD) had killed 10,000 Polish officers. The German authorities went to the Katyn Forest, a Russian holiday resort known as “Goat Hill” located 12km west of Smolensk, and discovered a mass grave.

    On September 1st 1939, the German army invaded Poland, and on September 17th the Soviet Red Army invaded Poland. In September 1939, the Soviet army handed over Polish officers who had been taken prisoner to the Soviet secret police (NKVD), and they were imprisoned in various Soviet camps for seven months. On March 5th 1940, Stalin signed an order for their liquidation by mass murder. In April and May, the NKVD of the Soviet Union murdered a total of 21,857 Polish officers and members of the intelligentsia in various locations. In summary, the NKVD of the Soviet Union murdered a total of 21,857 Polish officers and members of the intelligentsia in various locations.

    In 1943, as the war against Russia worsened, the German army announced that they had exhumed thousands of bodies in the Katyn Forest. The Polish government in exile (based in London) visited the site and determined that the killings were the responsibility of the Soviets, not the Nazis. The delegates were pressured by the US and British authorities to keep the report secret for fear of diplomatic rupture with the Soviets. After World War II, the Soviet Union pinned the war crime of the massacre on the Nazis. In 1990, the Soviet government assessed it as the worst atrocity of Stalinism.

On April 2, 2002, Palestinian man Jaykoub Abu Da, 37, and his mother Sumaya, 64, were shot dead by Israeli soldiers at their home in Bethlehem, on the West Bank of the Jordan River in the Palestinian territories.

 　On April 2nd 2002, Palestinian man Jaykoub Abu Da, 37, and his mother Sumaya, 64, were shot dead by Israeli soldiers at their home in Bethlehem, in the West Bank of the Palestinian territories. Tension had been high in the area around the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem after Israeli soldiers shot dead a Palestinian man on March 31st.

　　The Israeli military's “Operation Shield of Defense” in the West Bank from March 29 to April 21, 2002, was the largest military operation since the 1967 war. The incursion came after a series of bombings by Palestinian militants in Israel. On March 31, two Palestinian suicide bombings killed at least 14 people. According to the United Nations, 497 Palestinians and 30 Israeli soldiers were killed during Operation Shield of Defense. 7,000 Palestinians were detained and there was extensive destruction of property and infrastructure. According to several human rights organizations, the Israeli military carried out a massacre of Palestinians during the invasion that was illegal under international humanitarian law and constituted a war crime.

　　Bethlehem was under Jordanian control until the 1967 Six-Day War, when it was occupied by Israel along with the rest of the West Bank. After this, Israel controlled Bethlehem, and in 1995, Israel handed over Bethlehem to the Palestinian Authority under the terms of the Interim Self-Government Agreement.

The atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima caused burns and keloids on the back of Mr. T. Kuwabara, and these were photographed on July 7, 1947 for the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission.

　　　　　　　　Undisclosed photos of Japanese

Atomic-bomb survivors

U.S. Atomic Bomb Surveys

The National Archives College Park, Maryland

February 23, 2024     　　　　　　　　　　

SC-295908

SC-295908

(FEC-47-77488)

7 JULY 1947

MEDICAL RECORDS OF ATOMIC BOMB VICTIMS:

T. KUWABARA, FLASH BURNS AND KELOIDS ON THE BACK CAUSED BY THE ATOMIC BOMB DROPPED ON HIROSHIMA. PICTURE TAKEN FOR THE ATOMIC BOMB CASUALTY COMMISSION.

PHOTOGRAPHER-SNELL

PHOTOGRAPH BY U.S. ARMY SIGNAL CORPS.

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Hardo Judi, a 9-year-old Palestinian boy, patted the face of his 8-month-old sister who had died in an Israeli air raid on October 22, 2024, in the morgue at the Deir al-Bala hospital.

　　On October 22, 2024, two buildings that were sheltering a large Palestinian family were destroyed in an Israeli air strike on the Gaza Strip. 68 people in the Deir al-Bala area in the center of the Gaza Strip lost their lives in the Israeli air raid. Palestinian 9-year-old Khaled Joudi was crying in the morgue of Deir al-Bala Hospital, stroking the face of his 8-month-old sister who had died.

　　Haleed Joudi was wearing a sleeveless T-shirt and was barefoot. His sister looked like a little angel who had been punched in the face. His mother and 12-year-old brother were no longer alive. He first looked at his mother, then at his younger brother Khalil, and then at his sister Miske, and started crying again.

　　Haleed Joudi whispered, “I was so happy when you were born,” and gently touched her forehead. Tears ran down his cheeks and onto his sister's forehead. Her hair was disheveled. Haled, who would not stop crying, also said goodbye to his mother, father, older brother and baby sister. Only his younger brother, Tamer, aged 7, and Haled, aged 9, survived.

　　The Jude family, who are Palestinian, have lived together for generations. Some of the family members evacuated to the north of the Gaza Strip when the Israeli army ordered the residents of the northern Gaza Strip to evacuate.Due to an Israeli air raid, a family member was buried alongside the others in a long grave. Khaled Joudi's living conditions were very sad, with no one to look after him, he was very thin and there was not enough food or water. When he slept in the tent, he felt cold and got wet from the rain.

Warning: Khaled Joudeh searches for his killed family members, including his baby sister, Misq, at the morgue in the Deir Al-Balah hospital, on October 22, 2023, After they were killed in Israeli airstrikes. Khaled is the lone surviving member of his immediate family. (Samar Abu Elouf/New York Times)

In early 1978, the Khmer Rouge of Kampuchea attacked Vietnamese civilians in Ha Tien Province, Kien Giang Province in southern Vietnam. After that, the bodies of Vietnamese civilians were scattered and decomposed in Ha Tien Province.

    In early 1978, the Khmer Rouge of Kampuchea attacked Vietnamese civilians in Ha Tien Province, Kien Giang Province in southern Vietnam. After that, the bodies of the Vietnamese civilians were scattered and decomposed in Ha Tien Province. In 1977, the Khmer Rouge Army (KRA) faced an unfavorable situation with 70,000 against 615,000 Vietnamese troops, they continued to attack the Vietnamese border areas. In January 1978, the Khmer Rouge army held on to a part of Vietnamese territory and began to take over Vietnamese army outposts in Ha Tien Province. On January 27, 1978, Vietnam began to invade the Khmer Rouge army in the border areas in order to overthrow the Khmer Rouge regime.

   The Khmer Rouge (Cambodian Communist Party) ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979. Led by Pol Pot, it was responsible for the deaths of millions of people through cruelty. Attempts at agricultural reform caused widespread famine. The regime's insistence on absolute self-sufficiency in medicine also led to the deaths of thousands of people from illness and other causes. From 1976 to 1978, the brutal and arbitrary executions and torture of suspected subversives and the purges of the Khmer Rouge's own ranks carried out by Khmer Rouge cadres constituted genocide. The Khmer Rouge regime killed hundreds of thousands of people it considered political enemies and committed genocide against ethnic minorities. They executed and tortured a large number of suspected subversives. Between 1975 and 1978, the Cambodian genocide that ultimately occurred under the Khmer Rouge regime resulted in the deaths of between 15 and 20 million people, or around 25% of the Cambodian population.

    On December 25th 1978, Vietnam launched a full-scale invasion of Kampuchea. They occupied Kampuchea within two weeks and took over the government of the Kampuchea Communist Party. Vietnam ended the massacres of Cambodians by the Khmer Rouge. On January 7, 1979, the Vietnamese army occupied the capital Phnom Penh, and Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge retreated to the jungles near the Thai border. 

The bodies of Japanese soldiers who died in the Manchurian Incident, which broke out on September 18th 1931, were buried in the depths of Manchuria. Japanese soldiers, grieving, buried their comrades' bodies on stretchers in the Manchurian wilderness and said their farewells.

     The Manchurian Incident, which broke out on September 18th 1931, saw the front line spread deeper and deeper into the interior of Manchuria in China. The bodies of Japanese soldiers who had died in the interior of Manchuria were buried in the interior. In winter, the ground would freeze to a depth of two meters, leaving the area a frozen wilderness. Japanese soldiers, overcome with grief, buried their fallen comrades on stretchers and said their final farewells in the Manchurian wilderness.

　  On the night of September 18th 1931, the South Manchuria Railway Company's tracks near the Liuqiao Lake in the suburbs of Mukden (now Shenyang) were blown up by officers of the Kwantung Army, a part of the Imperial Japanese Army stationed in Manchuria. The Japanese Army, the owner of the railway, blamed this incident on Chinese nationalists and used it as an excuse to invade Manchuria in retaliation. However, some people suspected that the bomb was planted by Japanese military officers in order to create an excuse for subsequent military action. Within a short period of a few months, the Japanese military had taken control of the Manchurian region. With little resistance from the Chinese military, which had received little training, the Japanese military strengthened its control over the resource-rich Manchurian region. The Japanese military declared that the region would become a new autonomous state called Manchukuo. In reality, the new state was under the control of the local Japanese military.

      On January 14th 1932, a League of Nations investigation team visited China, and on October 2nd the Lytton Commission's report was published. It attributed equal blame for the conflict in Manchuria to Chinese nationalism and Japanese militarism. The report stated that the establishment of the Manchukuo state violated China's territorial integrity and that it would not recognize the new state. On March 27, 1933, when the Lytton Report was ratified at the League of Nations, the Japanese delegation left the meeting and did not return to the Council of the League of Nations. Although Japan and China signed a truce agreement, the agreement left Japan in complete control of Manchuria.