Zhao Yonghua was caught up in the Yanbian Cultural Revolution and was publicly executed as a murderer on false charges. The crowd surrounded him, subdued him, and he fell on his back with a bleeding head from a gunshot wound.

　　Zhao Yonghua was involved in the Yanbian Cultural Revolution and was publicly executed as a murderer due to a false charge. He was surrounded by a large crowd of people, held down, and shot in the head. Zhao Yonghua's body bled from the front of his head and he collapsed face-up on the grassland. About 402,000 cases of wrongful conviction occurred throughout China.

　　The Cultural Revolution, which shook China from May 1966, also left deep scars on the society of the Yanbian Korean people in the remote border region from August 1966. It was a difficult time when their own ethnicity was denied and they were oppressed. At the behest of Madame Jiang Qing, the conflict between the Han and Korean peoples was encouraged, and it developed into a carefully orchestrated plan to eliminate the ethnic group, even to the point of killing each other. The Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, located along the Tumen River in Jilin Province, China, was granted autonomy by the Chinese government in 1952 for the Korean people, one of China's 55 ethnic minorities.

Mao Yuanxin was the son of Mao Zedong's younger brother, Mao Zemin. He was born in Xinjiang in 1941, and when he was two years old, his father Mao Zemin was killed by ethnic minority forces. After that, Mao Zedong took care of Mao Yuanxin as if he were his own son. Mao Yuanxin attended Tsinghua University in Beijing and graduated from the Harbin Military Engineering Institute in 1964. As soon as the Cultural Revolution began, he took his followers with him and went to Yanbian at the end of October 1966.

　　Mao Yuanxin received instructions directly from Mao Zedong's wife, Jiang Qing. Mao Yuanxin caused ethnic conflict in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, resulting in many casualties. Mao Yuanxin was known as the “Grand Old Man of the Northeast” and boasted great power. After the death of Mao Zedong, he was arrested along with the Gang of Four. He was sentenced to 17 years in prison and 4 years of political disqualification. He was released in 1993 after serving his sentence.

　　For over a decade, the Korean photographer Ryu Eung-gye excavated the history of migration and settlement of the Korean people in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and other parts of northeastern China. He met a Korean photographer who had documented the Yanbian Cultural Revolution, and obtained a huge amount of film. He published the painful “Yanbian Cultural Revolution”, which vividly recreates a bygone era. The fact that the Cultural Revolution was experienced by the Korean minority in China has not yet been made public.

 

At an airport near Charikar in Afghanistan, the bodies of Afghans who had been killed by Taliban shelling were surrounded by Northern Alliance Afghan soldiers, who stared at the shell holes.

　　At an airport near Charikar in Afghanistan, the bodies of Afghans who had been killed by Taliban shelling were surrounded by Northern Alliance Afghan soldiers, who stared at the shell holes. They were carrying out the dead and wounded from the buildings that had been destroyed by Taliban attacks.

　　At the time of the Afghan conflict, there was very little news coverage of the situation in Afghanistan. Chris Steele-Perkins of the photo agency Magnum began working in Afghanistan in 1994 with the aid of Doctors Without Borders. Over the course of five years from 1994 to 1998, he took four trips to Afghanistan under the Taliban regime, and left behind a collection of valuable black-and-white photographs. The photos that captured everyday life in Afghanistan from close up are rare. For over 50 years, Magnum has continued to provide battlefield photos that have gone down in history. However, in those 50 years, there has not been a single year without the outbreak of war.

　　Tanks and soldiers moved back and forth across the devastated Afghan land. The dead and the injured were everywhere. The photographs carefully symbolize the everyday scenes of rubble amid the tension of the conflict. They ask us what peace is and what it means to be isolated from the world. Between 2007 and 2021, an estimated 73,000 Afghan soldiers and police officers were killed, as well as tens of thousands of Taliban fighters.Approximately 47,000 Afghan civilians died in the Afghan civil war, and

the Taliban of Afghanistan is a Sunni Islamist nationalist and pro-Pashtun force that was established in the early 1990s. The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979, and the government it supported collapsed in 1992. After that, the Taliban controlled most of Afghanistan from 1996 to October 2001. After the Taliban came to power, citizens were abandoned and thrown out into the cold streets, where they either begged, scavenged for garbage, or died. In orphanages, women were abused by Taliban soldiers after being refused permission to work. After the September 11th terrorist attacks in 2001, the US military shot down the Taliban, which supported the terrorist organization Al-Qaeda, in October 2001. However, the Taliban regained power in Afghanistan in August 2021. 

At the end of the Pacific War, Japanese orphans who had lost or been abandoned by their parents during the Battle of Okinawa on August 4th, 1945, shared the meager rations they had been given at the Koza Orphanage, an orphanage in the central part of Okinawa Island that had been set up by the American military.

    At the end of the Pacific War, Japanese orphans who had lost their parents or been abandoned during the Battle of Okinawa on August 4th 1945 shared the meager rations they had been given at the Koza Orphanage, an orphanage in the center of Okinawa Island that had been set up by the American military. The Koza Orphanage was filled with naked, emaciated orphans.

   After the US forces landed on Okinawa on April 1st, they began to build shelters for the orphans left behind on the battlefield, and set up 11 orphanages and 9 old people's homes in each of the refugee camps. It is thought that there were at least 1000 orphans, but the exact number is not known. The women among the evacuees looked after them as nursery school teachers, but among the younger children who did not have much strength, there were a succession of deaths from malnutrition. The US military set up a maximum of 14 orphanages on the main island of Okinawa. Many children died from malnutrition, but the overall picture was unclear. As the fighting in southern Okinawa came to an end in late June, the wounded and residents were brought in from the south one after another, and many children were among them. The Koza Orphanage was established within the Koza Camp. The Koza Orphanage was open from June 1945 to November 1949, a total of four years and five months, and it is recorded that the number of people accommodated exceeded 600 as of July 1945.

   After April 1945, the American military government set up orphanages in evacuation areas all over Okinawa Island as a stopgap measure for the orphans wandering the battlefields. The orphanages were simple structures made from private houses and tents. The Himeyuri Students, educators, karate practitioners and “comfort women” looked after the orphans. There are very few documents relating to the orphanages of the time, so the full picture is not clear. Many children died of exhaustion and weakness at the Koza Orphanage and the Tai Orphanage in the former Haneji Village (now Nago City). The lives and human rights of the orphans were not protected.

    The Battle of Okinawa, which centered on the Okinawa Islands, lasted for 82 days from April 1 to June 22, 1945. The Battle of Okinawa was one of the bloodiest battles of the Pacific War, due to the intensity of the fighting, the kamikaze suicide attacks by the Japanese garrison, and the huge number of Allied warships and armored vehicles that landed in Okinawa . According to the 1948 National Orphan Survey, there were 120,000 war orphans in Japan. According to a 1950s survey by the Ryukyu Government, there were approximately 3,000 orphans in Okinawa. The figures vary depending on the survey, and it is thought that the actual number is much higher.

In March 1982, the bodies of guerrilla fighters killed in a gun battle by soldiers of the El Salvadoran government army in the slum of San Antonio Abad in the capital city of San Salvador were loaded onto a truck.

　　In March 1982, a gun battle broke out in the slum of San Antonio Abad on the outskirts of San Salvador, the capital of El Salvador. Around 15 people were killed on both sides, the government forces and the guerrillas. El Salvadoran government soldiers loaded the bodies of the guerrillas they had killed in the shootout onto a truck. The El Salvadoran government soldiers threw the bodies of the guerrillas they had killed into the truck carelessly, as if they were just a load. The soldiers who pulled up the bodies were holding machetes in their hands and were laughing. In the alley where the soldiers had fired their guns, they were dragging the bodies of the guerrillas they had killed.

　　In San Antonio Abad, at the end of an alley, there was the body of a young female guerrilla who had been killed by having a knife plunged into her chest, and the puddle of blood next to her was red. Government soldiers kicked in the doors of private houses and dragged out a married couple, assaulting and interrogating them. The slum of San Antonio Abad, on the outskirts of the capital San Salvador, became a base for guerrillas and was caught up in the civil war with the government army.

　In 1980, five left-wing groups that had been engaged in guerrilla warfare formed the Farandula Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). In 1981, the FMLN launched an offensive, but the Salvadoran government army, which was backed by the United States support, the El Salvadoran government army used overwhelming military force to sweep out the guerrillas. During the 10-year civil war, around 500,000 people lost their homes and jobs, and around 70,000 people died. A far-right assassination squad carried out a campaign of terror, massacring reformists. During the 12-year civil war that ran from October 15, 1979 to January 16, 1992, around 500,000 people lost their homes and jobs, and around 70,000 people died. The far-right assassination squad carried out a campaign of terror, massacring the reformists. Around 10,360 government troops died, and between 12,274 and 20,000 FMLN troops died, while around 65,161 civilians died. Approximately 550,000 people were displaced within the country, and approximately 500,000 became refugees abroad. The Salvadoran Civil War ended with the signing of the Chapultepec Peace Agreement on January 16, 1992. This treaty established peace between the Salvadoran government and the FMLN, and the FMLN participated in presidential elections as a political party from 1994.

Colonel John R. Hall, surgeon of the 10th Army, explained the effects of the atomic bomb on a woman who had burns on her face to the Far Eastern Advisory Commission on January 26, 1946.

　　　　　Undisclosed photos of Japanese

 　　　　　　　A-bomb survivors

　　　U.S. Atomic Bomb Surveys

The National Archives College Park, Maryland

　　　　　　　　　　February 23, 2024    　　　　　　

    SC-241243

SC-241243

Col. John R. Hall, Surgeon of 10th Corps, describes affects of atomic bomb on a woman with face burns to members of Far dastern Advisory Commission. 1/26/46

Signal Corps Photo APA-46-64690 (Direda), released by BPR 4/1/46. orig. neg.

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On July 3, 2024, a funeral was held at the Nur Shams refugee camp on the West Bank of the Jordan River near Tulkarm, during the Israel-Palestine War. On July 3, four Palestinians were killed in an Israeli air strike.

　　On July 3rd 2024, a funeral was held at the Nur Shams refugee camp on the West Bank of the Jordan River near Tulkarm, in the midst of the Israel-Palestine conflict was held. On July 3rd, four Palestinians were killed in an Israeli air strike. The four were wrapped in the flag of Islamic Jihad, and mourners offered prayers at their bodies. The Israeli military announced that its bombers had bombed an armed group that had planted explosives in the refugee camp.

　The Israeli military has approved the largest land expropriation in the West Bank in more than 30 years, a settlement watchdog group said on July 3, 2024. The expansion of Israeli occupation in the West Bank reflected the strong influence of Jewish settlers on Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's government. It has seized control of the development of settlements, strengthened Israel's control over the territory, and accelerated its expansionist policy by preventing the creation of a Palestinian state.

　　The West Bank has long been the scene of violence by settlers, who have driven Palestinian communities out of the area. The violence has increased sharply since the outbreak of the Hamas offensive in Gaza on October 7, 2023.The UN says that since October, settlers have carried out more than 1,000 attacks on Palestinians in the West Bank. The three million Palestinians living in the West Bank are under Israeli military rule.

　　By declaring the occupied West Bank to be state land, the Israeli government leased the land to Israelis and prohibited Palestinians from owning land individually. The land expropriation in 2024 was continuous, and it connected two existing settlements to form a solid barrier near the border with Jordan. Before this land was declared state-owned, the Israeli military had declared it a closed area.

 

Mourners pray over the bodies wrapped with Islamic Jihad flags, of four Palestinians who were killed by an Israeli airstrike late Tuesday, during their funeral near Tulkarem on July 3, 2024. | (Nasser Nasser/AP)

On July 24th 1944, the Soviet army liberated Majdanek concentration camp on the Eastern Front of World War II. After that, the grounds of Majdanek concentration camp in Lublin, Poland were scattered with human bones and skulls of the dead.

　On July 24th 1944, the Soviet army liberated Majdanek concentration camp on the Eastern Front of World War II. After that, the grounds of Majdanek concentration camp in Lublin, Poland were scattered with human bones and skulls of the dead. It became the second largest death camp in Poland after Auschwitz

　　In the spring of 1944, the Nazi SS evacuated most of the prisoners to a further concentration camp to the west of Majdanek. In late July 1944, as the Soviet army approached Lublin, the remaining German staff of the camp abandoned Majdanek without completely dismantling it. The Soviet army first arrived at Majdanek on the night of July 22-23, and occupied Lublin on July 24. Majdanek, which was captured almost intact, was the first major concentration camp to be liberated. The Soviet authorities invited journalists to inspect the camp and evidence of the horrors that had taken place there.

　　In the Majdanek concentration camp, located on the outskirts of Lublin in German-occupied Poland, around 80,000 prisoners from all over Europe died. Jews, Roma, Sinti, homosexuals, the disabled and political dissidents were killed in the gas chambers. Others died from gunshot wounds, beatings, fire, starvation, or forced labor. The Soviet army liberated the camp on July 24, 1944, near the border between what is now Ukraine and Belarus. In the four years it was in operation, nearly half a million prisoners were sent there. It is estimated that 360,000 people died there from starvation, disease, execution by firing squad or in gas chambers. In 2005, the official estimate was 78,000 victims (59,000 of whom were Jews). 

On the night of July 21, 1952, the French military outpost of Cap Saint-Jacques in Vietnam was attacked, killing eight French non-commissioned officers and officers, six French children, two French women, and four Vietnamese children.

　　On the night of July 21st 1952, the French military outpost of Cap Saint Jacques in Vietnam was attacked, killing eight French non-commissioned officers and officers, six French children, two French women, and four Vietnamese children. At a conference held from July 8th to July 10th in front of Bao Dai in Vietnam, French General Sarin reiterated that the military situation in Vietnam was satisfactory and said that he wanted to accelerate the “Vietnamization” of the French military. However, despite the bad weather, the French army continued its mopping-up operations, and the Vietminh (Vietnamese Democratic Republic) continued its acts of terrorism. The First Indochina War was fought between France and the Vietminh (Vietnamese Democratic Republic) and its allies from December 19, 1946 to July 21, 1954.

　　The Vietminh assassinated between 100,000 and 150,000 of the 400,000 total civilian deaths. Vietminh fighters carried out terrorist attacks as a systematic practice throughout the conflict, often targeting European and Eurasian civilians. One of the worst attacks on Europeans was the massacre of 20 unarmed people, including eight officers on sick leave, six children, four Vietnamese servants and two women, at the military hospital in Cap Saint-Jacques on July 21, 1952, when Vietminh militants used grenades, stun guns and machetes. In Viet Minh prisoner of war camps, many prisoners of the French Union Forces and the National Liberation Army of Vietnam died as a result of torture.

　　During the First Indochina War, there were many cases of massacres and rapes of Vietnamese civilians by French soldiers. After the French troops returned to Vietnam in August 1945, there were incidents of robbery and murder in Saigon. In the north of Vietnam, after the defeat of the Vietminh in 1948, Vietnamese women were raped by French soldiers in areas such as Bao Ha, Bao Yen County and Phu Lu. In June 1948, 400 Vietnamese soldiers who had been trained by the French army defected to the Vietminh. The French army killed many Vietnamese civilians as the Vietminh army hid in civilian areas. One of the largest massacres by the French army was the My Trac Massacre on November 29, 1947, in which French soldiers killed more than 200 women and children.

The bodies of Japanese soldiers who died in the Battle of Okinawa at the end of the Pacific War were left unburied with no one to mourn for them. The fighting in the Battle of Okinawa was intense, and it usually took place at close range.

　　The bodies of Japanese soldiers who died in the Battle of Okinawa at the end of the Pacific War were left unburied with no one to mourn for them. (US Army Signal Corps, National Archives and Records Administration, NARA-2) The back-and-forth artillery battles between the American and Japanese forces shook Okinawa day and night. The 10th U.S. Army fired 1.1 million rounds of 105mm howitzers during the battle, the largest artillery barrage of the war. The fighting in the Battle of Okinawa was intense and usually took place at close range. The U.S. and Japanese forces engaged on the slopes of many hills, and fought in caves, trenches, foxholes, pillboxes, etc. From April 1 to June 22, 1945, the US military waged a merciless battle in the Battle of Okinawa to control approximately 1,660 square kilometers of the Ryukyu Islands, which are located just 550 kilometers from mainland Japan.

　　On April 1st 1945, the US 10th Army invaded Okinawa, and the last amphibious landing operation of the Pacific War was carried out. The US 10th Army, which consisted of four US Army divisions and three US Marine Corps divisions, carried out Operation Iceberg in order to occupy the main island of Okinawa in preparation for an invasion of the Japanese mainland. American soldiers and marines fought for 82 days, battling the Imperial Japanese Army, and on the way they learned of the end of the European front on May 8th 1945, Victory in Europe Day (VE Day). The Americans finally captured Okinawa on June 22nd 1945, and almost completely destroyed the remaining Japanese resistance forces.

　　The Battle of Okinawa was one of the most intense battles of the Pacific War. It was called the “typhoon of steel” in English and “tetsu no ame (steel rain)” or “tetsu no bōfū (steel storm)” in Japanese. The nickname symbolized the intensity of the fighting, the ferocity of the Japanese kamikaze attacks, and the huge number of Allied warships and armored vehicles that attacked Okinawa Island.

　　The Battle of Okinawa was one of the bloodiest battles of the Pacific War, resulting in the deaths or injuries of more than 50,000 Allied troops, 84,166 to 117,000 Japanese troops, and approximately 160,000 Japanese civilians, including members of the conscripted defense force who were wearing Japanese military uniforms. In the Battle of Okinawa, 7,374 American soldiers were killed and approximately 31,807 were wounded.Approximately 149,425 Okinawans died, committed suicide, or went missing, accounting for about half of the pre-war population of 300,000. The number of Japanese soldiers who died in the Battle of Okinawa was estimated at 94,208, with approximately 94,000 Okinawans and 12,520 Americans also killed.

On December 23, 1911, a 26-year-old black man named Frank Richardson was accused of murdering two white men in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and was executed in a brutal lynching at the county jail, with many people present.

　　On December 23, 1911, Frank Richardson, a 26-year-old black man, was accused of murdering two white men in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and became the victim of a cruel punishment, being killed by lynching without due legal process. He was arrested and hanged in Alabama. Richardson was born in 1884 in Northport, Tuscaloosa, and worked as a farmer. He was married to Charlotte Richardson for six years, and they both lived in Club Road, Northport, Tuscaloosa.

　The first execution in Tuscaloosa County in eight years was carried out, and the black man Richardson was hanged for murder. He was hanged and pronounced dead by a doctor 17 minutes later. The execution took place at the county jail and was witnessed by many people. Between 1877 and 1950, there were 4,400 lynchings of black people in 800 counties in the United States, and in most cases the perpetrators were not prosecuted.

　　In Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, a few weeks earlier, a white man had been shot dead after a fight broke out when a black man refused to lend his saddle to a white man. The black man who had killed the white man fled into the woods armed with a Winchester rifle. A police force was organized and hounds were deployed to track down the fugitive. Shots were exchanged and the leader of the posse, Brown Horton, was fatally wounded. Later, the black man Richardson was captured. The first person to be killed was a former deputy sheriff named Tom Cooper. After Richardson was captured, he was extradited to Birmingham to prevent a lynching. After Richardson was arraigned, he was tried and convicted solely for the murder of Horton. The public was very excited about the double murder.

 At the trial, the public was against Richardson, but the witnesses testified that Richardson was a quiet person until he had a dispute with Cooper. A young law firm was appointed by the court to represent Richardson. The jury returned a verdict of first-degree murder, and Richardson's execution date was set for Friday, December 22. Richardson, a black man on death row, received a lot of sympathy. His good nature before he went out of control and the circumstances of his first murder were also strongly appealed for a reduction in sentence to life imprisonment.

Colonel John R. Hall, surgeon of the 10th Army, explained the effects of the atomic bomb on a woman who had burns on her face to the Far Eastern Advisory Commission on January 26, 1946.

　　　　Undisclosed photos of Japanese

 　　　　　　　A-bomb survivors

　　　U.S. Atomic Bomb Surveys

The National Archives College Park, Maryland

　　　　　　　　　　February 23, 2024        

　　　　　　                         SC-241243

SC-241243

Col. John R. Hall, Surgeon of 10th Corps, describes affects of atomic bomb on a woman with face burns to members of Far dastern Advisory Commission. 1/26/46

Signal Corps Photo APA-46-64690 (Direda), released by BPR 4/1/46. orig. neg.

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The brain of Benito Mussolini, who led Italy into war, flowed out onto the sludge of the dirty Loreto Square in the center of Milan on April 30, 1945.

 　　The brain of Benito Mussolini, who led Italy into war, flowed out onto the sludge of the dirty Piazza Loreto in the center of Milan on April 30th, 1945. In the afternoon, the American army removed the bodies and ordered them to be taken to the morgue in Milan, where the badly damaged bodies of Mussolini and others, covered in bullet holes, were taken. The American army photographed Mussolini and his mistress, Clà Letta Petrucci, lying side by side in an eerie pose.

　　After the Allied forces won in North Africa during World War II, they landed on the island of Sicily in the summer of 1943. They advanced up the Italian peninsula towards the capital, Rome. On June 5th 1944, they liberated the capital, Rome. Benito Mussolini, the dictator of the Italian Fascist Party, who had held absolute power since 1922, was removed from his position and imprisoned after the fall of Sicily.

　　In late 1943, a commando unit of the Nazi German army succeeded in rescuing Mussolini, who had been imprisoned in a ski resort in the Apennine Mountains. Mussolini was unable to regain power over the whole of Italy. At that time, the Italian government had already changed its policy and was fighting on the side of the Allies. Mussolini, acting on Hitler's orders, established the Italian Social Republic in northern Italy and became its puppet head of state.

　　As the war situation in World War II worsened for Nazi Germany in 1945, they had no more energy to support Mussolini. At the end of April 1945, after Mussolini's group escaped from their base in Milan, anti-fascist partisans pursued Mussolini. A directive was issued to make the far-right leaders pay for their long-standing war crimes. On April 27th 1945, Mussolini and his mistress, Clà Letta Petacci, were both captured by the partisans on a road near Lake Como, close to the Swiss border. The following day, on the afternoon of April 28, two days before Hitler's suicide, they were shot dead by machine gun in a summary trial. Mussolini, Petacci and the 14 other dead fascists were taken to Milan's Piazza Loreto, where they were literally beaten and kicked by a mob of onlookers before being hung upside down from a petrol station in the square. It was Loreto Square, where the fascists had executed 15 partisans and displayed their bodies before August, by the SS of Nazi Germany.

On April 9, 2024, people gathered at a funeral in Independence Square in the Ukrainian capital of Kiev to pay their respects to two Ukrainian soldiers who had died in combat with Russian forces.

　　On April 9th 2024, people gathered at the funeral in Independence Square in the Ukrainian capital of Kiev to pay their respects to two Ukrainian soldiers (Serhiy Konoval and Taras Petrushun) who had died in combat with the Russian army. Every day, the bodies of Ukrainians killed in battle were returned to their hometowns throughout Ukraine. In the capital city of Kiev, two wooden coffins carrying the bodies of Ukrainian soldiers were carried in a solemn parade to Independence Square, the center of the 2014 Ukrainian pro-democracy demonstrations, where mourners knelt as they bade farewell to the fallen Ukrainian soldiers.

 　The country of Ukraine, with a population of 44 million, had been defending itself against a full-scale invasion by its neighbor Russia for more than two years. The world's attention had clearly waned due to the internal conflict in parliament, and the serious war fatigue had forced Ukraine to make great sacrifices. On the front line, exhausted Ukrainian soldiers fended off the Russian army's advance, and anxiety grew along with the casualties among the military and civilians. Every day around April 2024, we soldiers were dying in battle,” said 33-year-old Marta Tomakiv, mourning a friend from her hometown in western Ukraine who had been killed in action in the east a few days earlier.

　　In the capital city of Kiev, hundreds of kilometers away from the war zone, blue and yellow flags were flying as a symbol of war to mourn the soldiers who had died. According to the UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine, at least 604 Ukrainian citizens were killed or injured in March 2024 due to attacks by the Russian military. As Ukraine's vast territory became increasingly vulnerable, the eastern town of Avdihivka fell to Russian forces in February 2024. The Ukrainian government remained silent in public about the Israeli-American allied forces that had prevented the ongoing large-scale Iranian missile and drone attacks against Israel.

 　On October 18, 2024, the Ukrainian authorities announced that they had returned the bodies of 501 Ukrainian soldiers, the largest number of bodies returned since the full-scale invasion by Russian forces on February 24, 2022. The Ukrainian Headquarters for the Coordination of the Treatment of Prisoners of War said that most of the bodies were killed in the Donetsk region in eastern Ukraine, mainly around the city of Avdiivka. Law enforcement agencies and forensic experts will identify the victims and hand them over to their families for burial.

Warning: People pay their respects to two Ukrainian servicemen killed in a battle with Russian troops during the funeral ceremony in Independence Square in Kyiv on April 9, 2024. (Efrem Lukatsky / Associated Press)

Ernst Kurt Lisso, the 53-year-old husband and deputy mayor and city treasurer of Leipzig, Germany, committed suicide at his desk, as did his 50-year-old wife, Renate Stephanie, and their 20-year-old daughter, Ebert, in their office on April 18, 1945.

　　Ernst Kurt Lisso, the 53-year-old husband and deputy mayor and city treasurer of Leipzig, Germany, and his 50-year-old wife, Renate Stephanie, and their 20-year-old daughter, Ebert, committed suicide in their office on April 18th, 1945. Lisso committed suicide by taking poison (potassium cyanide) at his desk, while Renate and Ebert took it on the sofa. In order to avoid capture by American soldiers, he committed suicide by cyanide at the New City Hall in Leipzig. Lisso was wearing a German Red Cross armband. In the photo of his death, his wife, Renate Lisso, is sitting facing him, and their daughter, Regina, who was wearing a Red Cross armband, is sitting on a bench.

　　The American army broke through the Rathaus on April 18th 1945 and began their attack on the morning of April 19th. American tanks shelled the Rathaus from 7:30 to 9:10, and a German officer who had been taken prisoner brought a final ultimatum for surrender. The mayor 　　Alfred Freiberg, who had committed suicide with cyanide in another room, and his wife and daughter, as well as the former mayor and Volkssturm battalion commander Kurt Walter Denicke and several of his officers, were also found in the new town hall. The Americans captured one German major general, 175 non-commissioned officers and 13 Gestapo officers. The American flag was raised on the Rathaus at around noon. The scene of Risso's suicide was photographed extensively by Robert Capa, Margaret Bourke-White, Lee Miller and the US Army Signal Corps.

  As the Soviet Red Army and the Western Allied Forces approached Berlin, the number of suicides increased. In the spring of 1945, thousands of Germans committed suicide to avoid occupation and abuse by the victors. During the Battle of Berlin, approximately 3,881 people were recorded as having committed suicide in April. The motives were not just “fear of a Russian invasion”, and suicides also occurred in areas liberated by the Allied forces. The American group withdrew from the border with the Soviet Union to the boundary of the occupied zone in July 1945. Leipzig was handed over to the Soviet Red Army. Leipzig became one of the main cities of East Germany (German Democratic Republic). 

In 1905, the Russian army surrounded a group of 67 dead Russian soldiers from the Battle of Mukden near a mass grave. Russian soldiers dug a mass grave with shovels around the group of bodies.

　 In 1905, the Russian army surrounded a group of 67 dead Russian soldiers from the Battle of Mukden near a mass grave. Russian soldiers dug a mass grave with shovels around the group of bodies. The Battle of Mukden was one of the largest land battles of the Russo-Japanese War and the last decisive land battle. It broke out on February 20th 1905 when the Japanese attacked the left wing of the Russian army. On February 27th, the Japanese 4th Army attacked the right wing, and other Japanese forces attacked the Russian front line. On the same day, the Japanese army began a wide-ranging movement to the northwest of Mukden. The Battle of Mukden (present-day Shenyang) in Manchuria was fought between the Japanese and Russian armies from February 20 to March 10, 1905. Around 610,000 people took part in the battle, and around 164,000 were killed or wounded. It was also the largest battle in world history at the time. By March 7, General Kuropatkin had begun to completely withdraw from the Battle of Mukden in order to retreat from the Japanese army to the west of Mukden.

　　In Imperial Russia, Viktor Bulla became a war photographer for the Siberian Reserve Brigade as a 19-year-old second lieutenant during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05. During the Russo-Japanese War, he photographed the battles of the Daling Pass and Mukden, the actions at Eldagou, Zuniou, Sandep, Lanafan and Petrov's Hill, the attack on General Mikhenko, and other important incidents of the war. Viktor's frontline reports were widely published in the most popular illustrated magazines “Niva” (The Battlefield) and “Iskri” (The Spark), as well as in major Russian newspapers, and were reprinted around the world.

　　After returning to Russia, he joined the Carl family photography agency, which had the exclusive right to produce official photographs of the Russian imperial court, government and military activities. Viktor created large-scale photo galleries of World War I, the Russian Revolution and the Civil War, and effectively became the official photographer of the early Soviet government. As a precaution, by 1935, around 200,000 of his photographs had been confiscated by the government archives. On June 23rd 1938, he was arrested on false charges, tortured into confessing to espionage against the Soviet Union, and shot in October 1938. Viktor's name was erased from all official documents until Gorbachev's perestroika in the late 1980s.

Igor Gusenko, a Ukrainian who defected to Canada on September 5th 1945, testified and exposed the Soviet spy network operating in Canada while wearing protective clothing.

　　Ukrainian Igor Gusenko testified and exposed a spy network operating in Canada while wearing protective clothing. He stole nuclear secrets about nuclear weapons that could not be known by anyone other than a spy. Igor Gusenko, a Ukrainian who worked as a cryptographer at the embassy in Ottawa, the capital of Canada's Ontario province, defected to Canada on September 5, 1945. The Soviet Kremlin authorities carefully revitalized their espionage activities while maintaining a superficially friendly relationship with their former World War II allies immediately after the end of World War II. The Guzenko incident sparked the Cold War in the public opinion of Ottawa.

　　The FBI in Washington, the capital, uncovered Gerhard Eisler as the number one red spy in the United States. He stowed away on a Polish passenger ship and was taken off in England and interrogated. He was later extradited to Moscow. The Washington FBI also declared several American government employees, including Alger Hiss, a senior State Department official, to be subversives, and Hiss was imprisoned for perjury.

　　Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, a Manhattan machinist and the brother-in-law of David Greenglass, were involved in the development of the atomic bomb at Los Alamos. They were convicted at trial, and after an appeal to the Supreme Court, they were sentenced to death and executed in the electric chair.

　　In Russia, many people were accused of spying behind the Iron Curtain, imprisoned, and summarily executed. Two famous cases of innocent people being falsely accused were Cardinal József Mindszenty of Hungary and AP correspondent William Oatis, who was in Prague.

　　The Soviet Union's Kremlin constructed a wall along its borders, which Winston Churchill dubbed the “Iron Curtain” in his famous 1946 speech in Fulton, Missouri, USA. The structure extended along the new border, which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. It was guarded by the Soviet Union's Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) and other special forces, and physically it was equipped with watchtowers, searchlights, landmines, machine guns, police dogs and guards, and electrified barbed wire was installed across the uninhabited land. The Iron Curtain was also an ideological barrier against Western ideas.

 

In September 1911, after being defeated and captured by the Persian Empire forces led by Ephraim Khan, the famous general of the former Shah, Arshad-ud-Daulah, was executed as a traitor.

　　In September 1911, after being defeated and captured by the Persian Empire forces led by Ephraim Khan, the famous general of the former Shah, Arshad-ud-Daulah, was executed as a rebel. Immediately after his execution by firing squad, Persian Empire soldiers surrounded Arshad-ud-Daulah's corpse and looked down on it.

　　On the morning of Tuesday, September 5th, 1911, at 11 o'clock, the Persian Empire army under the command of Ephraim attacked the army of the former Shah Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, which consisted of about 2,000 Turks and Persians led by Arshad-ud-Daulah, and about 1,400 mounted soldiers. The Persian Imperial Army was made up of around 500 Bakhtiyar cavalry, around 180 Armenian volunteer soldiers and military police, three Schneider cannons and one Maxim machine gun. The Bakhtiyar cavalry was under the direct command of Sardar Bahadur and Sardar Mutasem. The Persian Imperial Army, led by Amir Mujahid, was located 3.2km south of the point where they faced the Arshadud Daulah near Imamzadeh Jafar. The Persian army was made up of around 400 Bakhthiyari soldiers and several military police. An hour before midday, Arshad-ud-Daulah took up a position on a hill about 800m square, which was defended by four cannons. He sent 300 Turks to the village of Belamin, causing a panic. When the Persian Empire army led by Ephraim arrived in the area early that morning, a gun battle broke out between the Amir Mujahid army and the Turkmen army.

　　Ephraim, with Maxim machine guns and Sardar-i-Bahadur and his cavalry, went to the high ground around the right wing of the army of Arshad-ud-Daulah. The Persian Empire army reached a favorable position without being seen by anyone and opened fire on the Turks with the Maxim machine guns. According to the story of Arshad-ud-Daulah, who later became a prisoner of war, the Turks were so frightened by the deafening sound of the Maxim machine gun that their commanders fell into chaos. Unable to restore order, the cavalry of the Bakhtiyar tribe, led by Sardar-i-Bahadur, charged, and in the confusion they collapsed and fled. Al-Saddu'd-Daulah was unable to escape due to his injured leg, and was captured and executed by the Bakhtiyari troops. Ephraim Khan was killed on May 19th 1912 during the battle of Shurche in Kermanshah Province. 

The counterattack by Soviet General Zhukov on December 5th, 1941 dealt a heavy blow to the German army. The freezing cold and snowfall from 1941 to 1942 scattered corpses across the battlefields of the Winter War.

 The poor equipment and lack of winter clothing of the German army ultimately proved fatal for the German army in the Battle of Moscow. The counterattack by Soviet General Zhukov on December 5th dealt a heavy blow to the German army. The battlefields of the 1941-1942 Winter War were strewn with bodies. In December 1941, the freezing cold and snowfall forced the German soldiers to retreat.

　　On June 22, 1941, they invaded the Soviet Union. In October 1941, Hitler ordered the German army to advance on Moscow. The first snow fell on October 7, and it quickly melted, turning the roads and open spaces into quagmires.After the battle in the mud, a severe frost prevented further advances. On the night of October 15, the German army broke through the main line of defense in Moscow. On October 20, they smashed the Soviet army's front line. In November 1941, the terrible Russian winter began, with temperatures as low as -40 degrees. The German army, which was completely unprepared for winter warfare, suffered heavy losses due to frostbite. They were also plagued by counterattacks from the Soviet army, which had been deployed from the Far East. The German army's offensive finally collapsed at a point 35 to 40 km from the capital, Moscow. The German front in Moscow was also forced to retreat in the north and south. On December 19, 1941, Hitler dismissed General von Brauchitsch and took personal command of the Wehrmacht.

　　The fighting in Russia was carried out with a cruelty never seen before on either side. Many Russian prisoners of war died in transit. Hitler, among other things, ordered that the political commissars of the Communist Party, who were always present in Russian units, be shot on the spot. In the occupied territories, the German civilian authorities treated the Russians badly. According to the official daily casualty report of the Wehrmacht in January 1942, between October 1, 1941 and January 10, 1942, the total number of dead, wounded and missing in the entire German Central Army was 35,757, wounded 128,716, and missing 9,721. The number of Soviet casualties from October 1941 to January 1942 is said to be 653,924.

The body of Ukrainian soldier Oleksandr Hrytsiuk, who was 180 cm tall and weighed 110 kg before being taken prisoner by the Russian army, was returned in January 2024, having weakened to 50 kg.

   The body of Ukrainian soldier Oleksandr Hrytsiuk, who was 180 cm tall and weighed 110 kg before becoming a prisoner of the Russian army, was returned in January 2024, having lost 60 kg in weight. Oleksandr Hrytsiuk, who was from the Volyn region in western Ukraine, worked as a construction worker and in 2022 volunteered to join the Ukrainian army to fight against the full-scale Russian invasion. In April 2022, he was captured near Novobakhmutivka in the Donetsk region near Novobakhmutivka, he was captured and taken to the Vyazma internment camp. He died as a prisoner of the Russian army in November 2023, and his emaciated body was returned in January 2024.

   The Russian army systematically tortured Ukrainian prisoners of war to death through starvation, beatings, and nail pulling. The death certificates returned to the families of the Ukrainian prisoners of war who died in Russian captivity usually listed the cause of death as tuberculosis or heart attack. The bodies of Ukrainians who had been taken prisoner by the Russians showed clear signs of torture and starvation, and the eyewitness accounts of Ukrainians who had survived captivity by the Russians proved the inhumane treatment and humiliation they had suffered. Oleksandr, who was tall and from western Ukraine, refused to speak Russian and was subjected to the worst forms of torture. Ukrainian prisoners were forced to listen to the Russian national anthem many times a day, forced to do hard physical labor, given inadequate food and regularly beaten, and many of them lost consciousness.

   The problems within the Ukrainian bureaucracy were also highlighted, with Ukrainian officials often accepting the Russian military's fabricated medical diagnoses of Ukrainian prisoners of war, such as tuberculosis and heart attacks, while acknowledging the Russian military's role in the deaths from torture. Looking at Oleksandr, it is clear that he was tortured. His wife disagreed with the Ukrainian authorities, who stated that the cause of death was natural, and appealed against the death certificate. The Russian military documents stated that Oleksandr died of tuberculosis, and a Ukrainian forensic examination also concluded that tuberculosis was the cause of death.The abuse and mistreatment of Ukrainian prisoners was not limited to the Vyazma 2 Detention Center, but spread to 42 detention centers throughout Russia.

Warning: Comparison of Oleksandr Hrytsiuk before capture (left) and his deceased body after Russian captivity (right). Photo: Twitter/Special Kherson Cat

A victim of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, who was treated for burns to the head, shoulders, and arms at Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital on September 12, 1945.

　　　　　　Undisclosed photos of Japanese

 　　　　　　　A-bomb survivors

　　　U.S. Atomic Bomb Surveys

The National Archives College Park, Maryland

　　　　　　　　　　February 23, 2024        

　　　　　　                       SC-212341

SC-212341

A victim of the atomic bomb raid on Hiroshima, Japan

is treated at the Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital 

for burns on head, shoulders and arms. 9/12/1945

Signal Corps Photo WPA-45-33514 (Lt. Camp) 

released by BPR 10/3/1945

orig.neg.  Lot 12495 gef

On November 11, 2024, it was announced that the Nobel Peace Prize for 2024 would be awarded to the Japan Confederation of A- and H-Bomb Sufferers Organizations (Nihon Hidankyo) “for its efforts to realize a world without nuclear weapons and for its testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again”.

The Nobel Peace Prize 2024

A powerful international norm stigmatising nuclear weapons

 The grassroots movement of atomic bomb survivors from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, also known as Hibakusha, is receiving the Nobel Peace Prize for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again. The extraordinary efforts of Nihon Hidankyo and other representatives of the Hibakusha have contributed greatly to the establishment of a nuclear taboo.

   The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2024 to Nihon Hidankyo “for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again”

Nihon Hidankyo

The Nobel Peace Prize 2024

Founded: 1956

Residence at the time of the award: Tokyo, Japan

   Prize motivation: “for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again” Prize share: 1/1

   For demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again.

  The two American atomic bombs that were dropped over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 killed approximately 120 000 people. A comparable number died later of burn and radiation injuries. It is estimated that 650 000 people survived the attacks. These survivors are known as Hibakusha in Japanese.

 The fate of the survivors was long concealed and ignored. In 1956, local Hibakusha associations along with victims of nuclear weapons tests in the Pacific formed The Japan Confederation of A- and H-Bomb Sufferers Organisations, shortened in Japanese to Nihon Hidankyo. This grassroots movement soon became the largest and most widely representative Hibakusha organisation in Japan.

  Nihon Hidankyo has two main objectives. The first is to promote the social and economic rights of all Hibakusha, including those living outside Japan. The second is to ensure that no one ever again is subjected to the catastrophe that befell the Hibakusha.

  Through personal witness statements, Nihon Hidankyo has carried out extensive educational work on the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of the use of nuclear weapons. Hence the motto “No more Hibakusha”.

Alben W. Barkley, a senator on the congressional committee investigating the atrocities of Nazi Germany, gazed at the bodies of the victims of the atrocities at the Buchenwald concentration camp in the German state of Weimar on April 24, 1945.

 　Alben W. Barkley, a senator from Kentucky who was a member of the congressional committee investigating the atrocities committed by Nazi Germany, gazed directly at the corpses of victims of the atrocities at the Buchenwald concentration camp in the German state of Weimar on April 24, 1945. The bodies were piled up in the courtyard of the Buchenwald crematorium, naked corpses piled up like a mountain. On April 24, ten members of the US Senate and House of Representatives arrived at the Buchenwald concentration camp. He served as the 35th Vice President of the United States under President Harry S. Truman from 1949 to 1953.

　　Buchenwald was the first major concentration camp to be liberated by the American forces. After mid-April 1945, photographs and reports of the horrific Nazi atrocities encountered by the American forces spread throughout the Western world. At the suggestion of General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, the corpses of the dead were not buried, and the Nazi Germany Holocaust was revealed to a large number of journalists, politicians and American military members.

　　According to the records of the Buchenwald concentration camp, the camp held 240,000 prisoners from at least 30 countries. At least 10,000 people were sent to extermination camps, and around 43,000 people died in the camp. On April 6th 1945, around 28,500 prisoners from the Buchenwald concentration camp were evacuated, one in four died in the death march. On April 11, 1945, just before the American army (a patrol unit from the 6th US Armored Division) liberated the camp, the German guards and officers fled, and the inmates took over. The inmates greeted the American army, which was liberated on April 11. The American army took over the management of the camp. Soon after, the camp was handed over to the Red Army. The camp was located in German territory that was occupied by the Soviets. Renamed as Camp 2, Buchenwald held German prisoners of war between 1945 and 1950, and 7,000 of them died there.

During the Pacific War of World War II, members of the Tokyo Fire Defense Corps who had been mobilized for the Great Tokyo Air Raid collected the bodies of Tokyo residents who had died in the air raid and buried them temporarily in a park.

　　In the Pacific War of World War II, members of the Civil Defense Corps who had been mobilized collected the bodies of Tokyo residents who had died in the Great Tokyo Air Raid and buried them temporarily in trucks (photo provided by the Naihi Times). The members of the Civil Defense Corps who were ordered to work on a quota basis from each ward were in charge of collecting the bodies and carrying out the temporary burials. First, the bodies were collected into trucks and taken to Sarue Park, Sumida Park (on the Asakusa and Honjo sides), or Kinshi Park, where they were sorted into two groups: those whose names and addresses were known, and those whose names and addresses were unknown. Temporary burials were carried out two to three days later, in response to requests from the next of kin. The bodies of those who had died in a way that affected the morale of the Japanese people were quickly buried in a way that kept them out of sight. The number of bodies that were buried in this way was only roughly known.

　The American air raids on Tokyo that began in November 1944 caused little damage at first, as the hope was small, and apart from casualties caused by bombs penetrating the ground, there were few deaths even among those affected by incendiary bombs. From the end of 1944, the number of fire districts caused by incendiary bombs increased, and deaths from fires began to occur.

　There were problems with collecting the bodies, but the most extensive and tragic of these was the Great Tokyo Air Raid that took place from the night of March 9th to March 10th, 1945. An enormous number of people died in the area from Koto Ward to Asakusa and Nihonbashi near the Sumida River. Tokyo residents were unable to escape the fire by abandoning their possessions and staying in their burning homes to fight the fire. The area of downtown across the Sumida River was turned into a sea of fire by the carpet bombs, and many Tokyo citizens who had been trying to prevent fires were almost all burned to death or suffocated by the smoke. The bodies were piled up from Shirahige Bridge to Azumabashi Bridge, and the riverside was filled with corpses, and the bodies were scattered in both Sumida Park and Meijiza Theater. 

In the Fourth Middle East War, a Palestinian terrorist who was fighting against the Israeli army in 1973 died when the explosives he had brought into the Israeli army across the Golan Heights accidentally detonated.

　　In the fourth Middle East War, in 1973, a Palestinian terrorist who was fighting against the Israeli army died when the explosives he had brought into the Israeli army across the Golan Heights accidentally detonated. The bodies of the Palestinians lay scattered across the desert. In the summer of 1972, Palestinian terrorists infiltrated the Munich Olympics and killed 11 Israeli athletes. Palestinian terrorist groups demonstrated their ability to carry out large-scale, high-profile attacks targeting Israel outside the Middle East. In the 1970s and 1980s, there were a number of incidents, including the 1974 Ma'alot school massacre, the 1978 Coastal Road massacre, and the 1985 Achille Lauro hijacking.

　The fourth Middle East War broke out on October 6th 1973, when a coalition of Arab countries led by Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on the Israeli army on Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement), the holiest day in the Jewish calendar. By October 10, 1973, the Israeli army had driven back the Syrian army in the north and stopped the Egyptian army stationed in the Sinai Peninsula. Although the Soviet missiles were vulnerable when attacking the bridges of the Suez Canal and the Syrian and Egyptian armies, the Israeli fighter jets were able to freely attack the Egyptian and Syrian air forces at the time. A powerful counteroffensive was launched against the Syrian army, and the Syrian army's defensive line was pushed back. There was a concern that the Soviet Union, Syria's patron, would enter the war, so the threat to the Syrian capital of Damascus was averted.

　　Having weakened the Syrian army's fighting strength, the Israeli army then focused all its efforts on the Suez front. The Egyptian army's tank corps advanced eastwards, particularly aiming to secure the Mitla Pass. The Egyptian army was repelled in a large-scale tank battle with Israeli tanks and fighter jets. This victory encouraged the Israeli generals, who usually did not agree, and they launched a decisive counterattack. The aim was to cross the Suez Canal in the area of Lake Bitah and turn the situation around. Despite some difficulties, they secured a bridgehead and gradually expanded it, although they encountered unexpectedly strong Egyptian resistance on the eastern side of the Suez Canal. As a result, the Egyptian Third Army was almost completely isolated. Realizing that Egypt was facing total defeat, the Soviet delegation, with support from the United States and the Soviet Union, decided on a ceasefire on October 24, 1973, by the United Nations Security Council.

The Arab states felt vindicated by their initial success in October 1973. Meanwhile, Israel, despite the outcome of the fourth Middle East War, recognized the uncertainty of future Israeli military control. The fourth Middle East War contributed to the peace process between Israel and Palestine. The 1978 Camp David Accords, in which Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, led to the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty, in which Egypt became the first Arab country to recognize Israel.