In November 1947, thousands of Muslims were killed in the disputed capital by paramilitary forces led by Hari Singh, ruler of the Dogra dynasty in India. Bodies of victims of the New Delhi riots, the capital of India, are removed from the streets. more than 200,000 Muslims were systematically mass murdered in the Jammu region in October and November 1947 by mobs and paramilitary groups led by the army of Dogra dynasty ruler Hari Singh. august 1947. With the declaration of the partition of India and Pakistan from Britain on August 15, 1947, Hindu and Sikh reprisals and riots broke out in 1947 against the Muslim League of Hindus and Sikhs over the partition of the Punjab.
The Rawalpindi Riots, the first riots and ethnic cleansing in connection with the partition of the Punjab, erupted, causing a massive migration of Sikh and Hindu refugees to central and eastern Punjab, the Sikh-dominated principalities, Jammu and Kashmir, Delhi and the United Provinces. The atrocities faced by the Sikh and Hindu refugees were deeply shocking, especially among the Sikhs, triggering vengeance against Muslim Muslims. The Sikhs and Hindus and immediately afterwards executed riots and massacres against the Muslims in the eastern states of India so that the refugees expelled from western India could settle down.
The Rawalpindi Riots took place on March 5, 1947 in the Rawalpindi district of the Punjab state of British India. Widespread violence, massacres, and rapes of Hindus and Sikhs by Muslim League rioters broke out. The riots resulted in the deaths of approximately 2,000 to 7,000 Sikhs and Hindus and caused a mass exodus from the Rawalpindi area. On March 5, the Hindu festival of Holi, armed Muslim mobs began attacking Hindus and Sikhs in several cities in West Punjab, including Rawalpindi and Multan. Nearly 200 Sikhs were killed, and most of the casualties were Hindus. The mobs committed arson, looting, massacres, and rape, and went on a series of rampages in villages in Rawalpindi, Jhelum, and Kanbelpur (now Attock) districts; on March 7, a train was attacked by a mob in Taxila, killing about 22 Hindu and Sikh passengers. Houses in the Sikh and Hindu quarters of Kahuta village were torched and women were raped. The massacre in the villages of Toha Khalsa and Choa Khalsa and Bewal and Mughal and Basari was a mass suicide by Sikhs when armed Muslim mobs surrounded the villages and demanded that the Sikh residents convert to Islam.
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