Wednesday, August 2, 2023

In September 1941, male Roma and Jews from the Mativa area were transported to the Shabats camp in western Serbia, where they were killed by Wehrmacht firing squads and buried in a mass grave.

In September 1941, male Roma from the Mativa region were transferred, along with Jews, to the Shabats camp in western Serbia. There they were killed by Wehrmacht firing squads and buried in mass graves. The Roma were a mobile ethnic group originating from Romani Gypsies and living in Central and Eastern Europe; in 1935, Nazi Germany enacted a law that considered the Roma an inferior race and sought to eradicate them. It enforced its policy of extermination with the Holocaust against the Jews and Polaimos against the Roma.

 At the end of May 1941, about six weeks after Yugoslavia surrendered to the Axis forces on April 17, the German military regime placed the Roma in Serbia under special control, as well as the Serbian Jews. They put their names on a Gypsy list and wore yellow armbands with the word Gypsy written on them; beginning in the fall of 1941, male Roma and Jews were imprisoned in camps and shot to death by Wehrmacht special forces. Roma were also transferred from the Yugoslav occupied territories to mainland Germany for forced labor in concentration camps. Many members of the minority joined the resistance movement under the Tito regime.

 On October 2, 1941, 21 soldiers were killed in an attack on a German army unit near Topola. General Böhme ordered that about 2,100 prisoners be selected for shooting. About 805 Jews and Gypsies were taken from the Shabbat camp. The rest were taken from the Jewish camp in Belgrade.

 On October 11, the prisoners were handed over to Wehrmacht units, and at 6:00 p.m. on the evening of October 11, SS SS personnel came to the camp and arranged the prisoners in alphabetical order. The male prisoners were unaware of the death march and assembled for Zasavitsa. They were shot on the Sava River on October 12 and October 13. The Serbian forced laborers had previously been forced to dig trenches about 250 to 300 meters long. About every 50 men, the men were deposited with their valuables and made to stand facing the ditch about 1-2 meters away from the trench; two German soldiers lined up behind each prisoner and shot them to death as ordered.

 The German soldiers went through the prisoners' bags and removed all valuables. They removed the rings from their hands. Even before they shot them and threw them into the graves, they took the gold dentures from the dead and knocked them off with the heels of their boots. After the forced laborers covered the bodies with dirt, the next 50 Roma and Jewish prisoners were forcibly taken away. The women who remained in the Shabbat concentration camp had no idea of the fate of the men.

 The mass killings began with gunfire, and in early December 1941, some 30,000 more were shot to death. In addition to the men of the Kladovo convoy, all Serbian Jewish men, Roma and non-Jewish Serbs were included. Approximately 500 of the Jewish men were health and security personnel in the concentration camps and survived.



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