A Boy exposed to the Nagasaki atomic bomb showed typical keloid scars similar to many burn patients. Initially, we found keloid scars in 67% of burn patients and 21% of trauma patients. Surgical excision of the keloids resulted in recurrence in the majority of cases.

　　Boys exposed to the Nagasaki atomic bomb showed typical keloid scars similar to those of many burn victims.

　A survey of the surgical sequelae of Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors seven years after the bombing was conducted by the Nagasaki University School of Medicine (Chouraisuke) in August 1946, September 1947, and January 1949, a total of three times. Initially, 67% of burn patients and 21% of trauma patients were found to have keloids in their scars. Moreover, even after surgical removal of the keloids, the majority of the keloids recurred.

　The third survey in January 1949 confirmed that the keloids tended to heal spontaneously over time and that the number of recurrences after surgery had decreased markedly. In 1952, seven full years after the Nagasaki atomic bombing, the status of atomic bomb keloids, the course of burns and trauma received from the atomic bomb, and the course of surgical treatment of motor disability of the limbs were observed. There were only 290 patients in total, 123 males and 167 females, with sequelae. Burns were the most common type of injury at the time of injury, followed by vitreous wounds, and fractures and dislocations were rare. Dislocations of the wrist and knee joints, which are characteristic of atomic bombings, were observed.

　The sequelae of the injuries were hypertrophic scars, but keloids were very rare, and most of the scars were ordinary simple simple scars. Contractures were mostly due to hypertrophic scarring, and the rest were due to fractures and dislocations. Nerve palsy is due to dissection of the nerve trunk caused by a piece of glass, and ulnar nerve palsy is the most common cause of palsy. The deformities of the ear shell were caused by chondritis due to suppuration of facial burns, resulting in deformity of the ear.

　Most of the keloids from atomic-bomb burns were transformed into simple or thickened scars, and only 6.3% of burns and 0.9% of traumatic injuries had small keloids on a part of the limbus. Furthermore, 3 out of 12 cases (2 burns and 1 trauma) were congenital keloids that were caused by moxibustion scars or insect bite scars. All other keloids caused by the atomic bomb tended to heal completely spontaneously, with the exception of those with congenital conditions.

In April 1927, Communist Communist leaders were captured and beheaded by the National Revolutionary Army in the Shanghai coup. The National Revolutionary Army killed and wounded many Communist Party members and factory workers who rioted in the course of the arrests.

　　In April 1927, Communist leaders of the Communist Party of China were captured and beheaded by Nationalist government forces in the Shanghai Coup. The Shanghai coup led to the third Shanghai riot in the Republic of China on April 12, 1927, when armed workers' denunciation units responded to the Northern Expedition. They attempted to resist orders to disarm by the right faction of the National Revolutionary Army. The Nationalist Workers' Inspection Corps was attacked by the Nationalist Revolutionary Army. The KMT fired on and massacred workers and civilians who demonstrated against the use of force. They ordered the dissolution of the KMT leftists and Communist trade unions, and occupied the building of the General Federation of Trade Unions. The Chinese Nationalist Party called it the Qing Party, while the Communist Party of China called it the April 12 Counterrevolutionary Political Rebellion and the April 12 Disaster Plan. The Nationalist Revolutionary Army killed or wounded many Communist Party members and factory workers who caused riots in the process of arrests.

　Around the time of Sun Yat-sen's death in Beijing on March 12, 1925, Chinese workers went on violent strikes in Shanghai and Qingdao, mainly in textile mills owned by Japanese capitalists. In response to the strikes, Japanese capitalists, Northern warlords, and British police forces joined forces to suppress the strikes. On May 15, 1925, Japanese supervisors and British police killed and wounded more than a dozen striking Chinese workers in Shanghai, and on May 30, a large protest demonstration led by about 2,000 students was held, with nearly 10,000 Shanghai citizens shouting for the overthrow of imperialism. British policemen opened fire, resulting in the May 30 Incident, which left 10 dead and 15 seriously injured.

　On September 7, 1926, the National Revolutionary Army liberated Hankou, an industrial city on the Yangtze River coast; on January 4, 1927, the British concession in Hankou was recaptured by the Chinese people; after three major strikes from February 19 to March 21, workers of the Shanghai General Workers' Association rose in arms on March 22, enabling the National Revolutionary Army's Shanghai Finally, on March 24, Nanjing was recaptured by the National Revolutionary Army. Eventually, on April 18, the Nationalist Government under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek and others was established in Nanjing.

　The Northern Expedition progressed with the shedding of the blood of many Chinese. South and Central China, which had been the British sphere of influence, was liberated by the Nationalist Revolutionary Army. The next phase of the Northern Expedition was directed mainly toward North China and Manchuria, the sphere of influence of the Japanese forces. It ignited the Japanese military rulers into an armed struggle in the Sino-Japanese War.

 

On April 12, 1945, a senior U.S. Army official inspected the recently liberated Oldolf concentration camp in Oldolf, Teuling, Germany. They stared at the bodies of prisoners and others incinerated on a section of the railway line by the SS, and at the burnt ruins.

 　On April 12, 1945, senior U.S. Army officials inspected the recently liberated Oldolf concentration camp in Oldolf, Teuling, Germany. General Dwight Eisenhower and a delegation of high-ranking U.S. Army officers, including Generals Bradley, Patton, and Eddy, were on their way to evacuate prisoners from the concentration camp by the SS and stared at the bodies of prisoners incinerated on a section of railroad track and the burnt ruins. Others in the picture included Jules Grad, a correspondent for the U.S. Army Newspaper Stars and Stripes, and Alois J. Lieutenanten of Appleton, Wisconsin, who served as interpreter.

　The Ohrdorf concentration camp was located near Ohrdorf, south of Gotha, Thuringia, Germany. It was part of the Buchenwald concentration camp affiliate. As American troops advanced toward Oldorf, the SS began evacuating almost all prisoners of war to Buchenwald in death marches. SS guards killed many of the remaining prisoners who were too sick to walk to the railroad cars. As American troops began to approach, the Germans removed evidence of war crimes. They had some prisoners exhume the bodies and place them on a huge steel plate made of railroad tracks laid on a brick foundation. The corpses were covered with pitch and a fire was built under them with pine wood and coal. Piles of human bones, skulls, and charred torsos were piled on and under the steel plates.

　In November 1944, a concentration camp was established near the town of Oldorf, south of Gotha in Thuringia, Germany. The Oldolf concentration camp was initially a separate forced labor camp directly administered by the SS Main Economic Administration. Later it became a subordinate camp of the Buchenwald concentration camp near Weimar, where huts were used for Wehrmacht units established in 1940. It was code-named Außenlager S III. The Außenlager Außenlager Außenlager S III consisted of the northern and southern camps, to which the tent camp at Espenfeld and the camp at Krawinkel were subsequently added. The Ohrdorf camp planned the construction of a railroad to build a huge communications center under the Mühlberg castle in Ohrdorf. A forced labor force was supplied by the concentration camp prisoners. The inmates dug tunnels in the nearby mountains to connect Mühlberg Castle to the main railroad line. They were forced to work to use it as an emergency shelter for trains, including the Führerplatz. The planned communications center was never completed due to the rapid advance of American troops.

Women and children were also killed in the Battle of Okinawa at the end of the Pacific War, falling in folds as victims of the fighting between American and Japanese forces. The corpses may have been caught up with family members who committed mass suicide.

　　Folded bodies of women and children who were killed in the Battle of Okinawa, sacrificed in the fighting between American and Japanese forces, lie on the ground. The bodies may have been caught up with family members who committed mass suicide. It was thought to be the site of a horrific mass suicide in which family members, relatives, friends, and acquaintances killed each other.

　In the Pacific War, the only ground war in Japan was fought on Okinawa. When the U.S. forces landed, mass suicides took place on the main island of Okinawa and in the Kerama Islands. On Tokashiki Island, where the largest number of people committed suicide, 329 people were wiped out and died under the order of the village chief. During the Battle of Okinawa, acts of mass suicide by ordinary residents occurred and were referred to as mass suicides. The main cases of mass suicide were about 100 people at Ahashagama and other places in Ie Village, 11 people in Onna Village, more than 121 people at Chibichirigama and other places in Yomitan Village, 33 people in Misato, Okinawa City, 14 people in Gushigawa, Uruma City, 7 people in Tamaki, Yaese Town, 80 people at Kamintou shelter in Itoman City, 234 people on Zamami Island, 53 people on Keruma Island, 329 people on Tokashiki Island On Tokashiki Island, 329 people were killed in a mass suicide attack.

　The U.S. air raid on Okinawa that began on March 23, 1945, and the subsequent bombardment of the island by U.S. forces, marked the beginning of the only domestic war involving local residents in Japan during World War II. A large fleet of U.S. forces swept into the Kerama Islands. The residents were already prepared to commit mass suicide before becoming prisoners of war if they saw the American fleet invading the Kerama Islands.

　The people in the bunkers had put on their clothes and prepared to commit mass suicide, and by now they should all be dead by mass suicide. When I arrived at the shelter and peeked inside, I found that dozens of people had all died, not a single survivor. There were many more people who went into the shelter to commit mass suicide.

　There was an elderly couple whose husband was captured by the U.S. military when he killed his wife first. The husband said he had no choice but to let his wife die and live, so he went to a shelter about 30 meters away. He took out a bamboo spear that he had left in Australia and charged at the American soldier. He was shot dead right in front of him. The shot that rang out was the moment her husband was killed. Other methods of mass suicide on Keiruma Island included the use of razors. All of them committed mass suicide by hanging themselves from trees. They committed mass suicide with a poison that did not require a cat when it was used as a drug to kill rats.

 

In Nikopol in southern Ukraine, where the People's Republic of Ukraine was established, underground partisan fighters supporting the Soviet Red Army were captured and shot by Austrian troops on April 4, 1918.

 　　On April 4, 1918, underground partisan fighters supporting the Soviet Red Army were captured and shot by Austrian troops in Nikopol in southern Ukraine. The Nikopol region was liberated from Soviet Red Army control on April 10.

　In January 1918, Ukrainian Central Rada forces and Austrian troops invaded Nikopol in southern Ukraine. Bolshevik units in the Nicopolis area continued to support the Soviet Red Army, forming partisan units, and at the end of March Soviet Red Army units counter-invaded from Nicopolis. The Austrian forces in Nicopolis were defeated and forced to retreat from Nicopol. The Polsheviks mounted an insurgent campaign. Underground partisan groups remained in the areas occupied by Ukrainian-Austrian forces. In the Nikopol region, Igorkin and others led underground partisans. They blew up the Novopavlivka railroad bridge over the Kamianka River.

  In Ukrainian history, the period of the Russian Revolution and Civil War from 1917 to 1921 is regarded as the period of the National Liberation Movement. After the Russian Empire and the Civil War, the Central Rada, the representative body of Ukrainians, was formed in Kiev. After negotiations with the Provisional Government, the General Secretariat of the Central Rada was recognized as the governing body of Ukraine. After the Petition, the Central Rada declared the formation of the Republic of Ukraine consisting of the Ukrainian territories belonging to the Ukrainians, and issued the Fourth Universo (Declaration) in January 1918, declaring the independence of Ukraine.

　Then, in April 1918, a conservative coup d'état established the State of Ukraine, commonly known as the Hetman State, with Hetman as its monarch. However, an uprising by the Central Rada overthrew the Ukrainian state in December and restored the Ukrainian People's Republic. The so-called Directrician regime was established. During this period, despite the intervention of reactionary forces and foreign powers, the Ukrainians struggled to maintain their own independent state, which they had won in the Fourth Ukrainian War, and to build Ukraine. However, in 1921, Ukraine suffered a defeat at the hands of the Soviet Red Army and became part of the territory controlled by the Soviet Union. the Russo-Ukrainian War, which broke out on February 24, 2022, has a complicated history of the ⺠national liberation movement.

Japanese kamikaze suicide planes crashed and burned into the escort carrier USS Swanee on October 25 and October 26, 1944. The American crew of the escort carrier Suwanee were treated on board the troop carriers with large numbers of dead and tragically severe burns.

　　Japanese kamikaze suicide planes crashed and burned into the escort carrier USS Swanee on October 25 and October 26, 1944. The American crew of the escort carrier Suwanee was accompanied by a large number of dead and tragically severe burns, and American soldiers were treated on board the troop carriers. Many of the American soldiers' crew members were blown apart in the explosion. Other crew members trapped in the stern of the ship were trapped in the gasoline flames and died.

　In the Pacific War, on October 25, 1944, off the coast of Samar, Philippines, the first ever organized kamikaze suicide attack by the Japanese military was launched against the aircraft carrier Suwanee. A Japanese kamikaze suicide plane hit the forward flight deck of the USS Suwanee (CVE-27), an escort carrier of the U.S. Navy. At 7:40 a.m. on October 25, six Zero fighters immediately raced into the carrier Suwanee in a dive and returned fire with anti-aircraft fire. At 8:04 a.m., a kamikaze suicide plane hit the forward flight deck and burst into flames, killing 71 American soldiers and wounding about 82 others.

 Shortly after noon on October 26, another kamikaze suicide plane crashed into the flight deck of the aircraft carrier Suwanee at 12:40 a.m., following an attack by another kamikaze suicide squadron. It struck a Grumman thunderbomber that was recovered on deck; the two aircraft erupted upon contact, as did nine other aircraft on the flight deck. The resulting fires burned for several hours, and on October 25-26, the American casualties rose to 107 dead and 160 wounded in action. The kamikaze bombs exploded between the flight deck and hangar deck of the aircraft carrier USS Swanee, scarring the ship at about 7.6 meters and inflicting numerous casualties. shortly after noon on October 26, another group of kamikaze bombers crashed the flight deck of the carrier Swanee and struck a torpedo bomber that had just been recovered. the two aircraft, along with nine others on the flight deck, were destroyed by fire. The two aircraft, along with nine others on the flight deck, caught fire and the fire burned for several hours.

Relatives mourn as a man hugs the body of a child killed in an Israeli airstrike in the southern Palestinian city of Rafah in the Gaza Strip on October 23, 2023, during the Israel-Hamas war.

    A relative mourns as he holds the body of a child killed in an Israeli airstrike in the southern Palestinian city of Rafah, Gaza Strip, Oct. 23, 2023.

  At least 28 people were killed in an overnight airstrike in southern Gaza, according to Palestinian authorities. The Palestinian Interior Ministry in Hamas-controlled Gaza announced the news in the early morning hours of October 24. Israeli airstrikes killed at least 28 people and wounded dozens in the southern city of Rafah overnight. Israeli airstrikes also struck homes overnight in other parts of Gaza, including Beit Lahia in the north and Khan Younis in the south.

　Israeli military officials earlier announced that they would step up airstrikes on Gaza. Health officials in the Gaza Strip announced that at least 5,087 people had been killed in Israeli airstrikes through October 23, including 2,055 children and 1,119 women, and more than 15,000 injured. Huge numbers of troops and tanks were massed on the Gaza Strip border as Israeli military forces conducted ground operations in the besieged Gaza Strip.

　According to Palestinian officials and witnesses, heavy airstrikes destroyed buildings across Gaza, including areas where Palestinians have taken refuge, killing hundreds of people and sending a new wave of wounded to already full hospitals. At least about 1.4 million Palestinians have been displaced from their homes in the Gaza Strip, with nearly 580,000 of them huddled in UN-run schools and shelters, the UN said on October 23.

　The death toll in the Gaza Strip rose rapidly as Israe militants stepped up air strikes that collapsed and flattened buildings in preparation for a final ground offensive. The U.S. recommended that Israel delay the invasion to allow time to negotiate the release of hostages taken by Hamas during the brutal October 7 invasion.

　The Gaza Strip, with a population of approximately 2.3 million, is experiencing shortages of food, water, and medicine due to Israel's border blockade. Israel still prohibits the entry of fuel, and the UN said aid distributions will cease within days if it is unable to supply fuel to trucks within the Gaza Strip. The constant influx of casualties has made it difficult for hospitals to keep generators running to power life-saving medical equipment and incubators for premature babies. Aid supplies will not be distributed in Gaza City and other areas in the north, where hundreds of thousands of people remain.

Warning: Palestinians mourn their relatives killed in the Israel bombardment of the Gaza Strip in Rafah, Monday, Oct 23, 2023. (AP Photo/ Hatem Ali) 

Yoh Takeuchi, a 12-year-old girl, the daughter of a Hiroshima atomic bomb sufferer, suffered a dislocation of the right hip joint, trauma to the right lateral knee and left foot, and ulcerated contusions on October 11, 1945 at a temporary special relief hospital set up at the Oshiba National School in Hiroshima City.

 　　These are both lower limbs of Yoh Takeuchi, a 12-year-old girl whose daughter suffered from atomic bomb sickness caused by the Hiroshima atomic bomb. It was taken by Shunkichi Kikuchi on October 11, 1945 at the temporary special relief hospital established at the Oshiba National School in Hiroshima City. The daughter, Yoh Takeuchi, suffered a dislocated right hip, traumatic injuries to her right lateral knee and left leg, and ulcerated contusions.

   

Yoh Takeuchi was exposed to the bomb about 2 km southwest of the hypocenter. A refrigerator fell over and he became trapped under it, temporarily blacking out. As a result, his right hip joint was dislocated, and he suffered trauma to his right knee and the inside of his left leg. The wounds became infected and serious. She also received a shaved wound on the back of her head. Both mother and daughter entered Oshiba National School on September 18, the day the A-bomb disease manifested itself. About two months after the bombing, she developed A-bomb sickness. Hair loss, diarrhea, and fever followed. Her mother, Yone Takeuchi, died of A-bomb Disease on October 14, and her daughter, Yoh Takeuchi, died of A-bomb Disease in November 1945.

　A temporary special relief hospital was set up at Oshiba National School, located 2.4 km north of the hypocenter in Oshiba 1-chome, Nishi Ward, Hiroshima City. The school building was heavily damaged and partially destroyed by fire. The school yard was overflowing with evacuees and was converted into a temporary relief hospital. On August 6, the day of the atomic bombing, the area was engulfed in fire, and those who were in charge of the rescue had to evacuate temporarily, leaving behind severely injured patients who could not be moved. However, as soon as the fire subsided, medical personnel turned back and reassumed their medical duties. 2 doctors, 3 dentists, 2 pharmacists, and 1 midwife were assigned to the hospital.

A Japanese soldier was killed by a .45 caliber pistol during a night assault in the Battle of Okinawa. American soldiers stared at the dead body of the Japanese soldier with his upper body naked during the day.

 　A Japanese soldier was killed by a .45 caliber pistol during a night assault in the Battle of Okinawa. American soldiers stared at the dead body of the Japanese soldier with his upper body naked during the day.

　The U.S. 6th Marine Division landed on the Oroku Peninsula on the main island of Okinawa on June 4. Due to the stubborn resistance of the surviving Japanese soldiers and the difficult terrain, the Marine casualties totaled approximately 1,608. More Japanese soldiers died and were forced into a small sack in the southern part of the Oroku Peninsula. On June 13, U.S. forces swept through and overrun the Japanese-held Oroku area.

　In the Oroku area, a fierce and deadly battle continued between the IJN Okinawa Area Ground Forces (Navy Okikata Roots) and the US forces. In the Tomigusuku area, the U.S. forces moved south to the Takayasu and Koiribata areas. The Japanese naval forces dispatched reinforcements to the Hirara area to prevent further southward advance. The U.S. forces concentrated on building positions and were not active on the front in the same area. In the Oroku area, the U.S. forces, supported by the bombing of warplanes, attacked furiously with about 70 tanks and more than 1,000 men, resulting in a fierce battle. The Japanese naval forces responded by paratroop slashing.

　The Japanese 32nd Army had long ordered the IJN Okikata-ne to withdraw from the southern part of the country. On June 4, the IJN's Okikabe sent a telegram stating that they would fight to the last in the Oroku and Tomigusuku areas. The IJN Okihone's strenuous efforts in the Oroku and Tomigusuku areas delayed the southward advance of the U.S. forces. With the fate of the Japanese forces already sealed, Commander Ushijima of the Japanese 32nd Army repeatedly called for the Japanese Navy units to withdraw to the southern part of the island, and finally sent a letter of condolence to request their withdrawal, but the withdrawal to the south was unsuccessful.

　Oroku Village was home to the Imperial Japanese Navy's Oroku Airfield, where the Navy's Okikata Roots were stationed. Many residents did not evacuate but stayed in the village, and residents were involved in the fighting. Of the approximately 9,723 residents of Oroku Village, approximately 2,917 were killed in the Battle of Okinawa. About 920 people, or 32% of the total, died in Oroku Village. The U.S. forces attacked the shelters where residents were evacuating with grenades and gas bombs, killing Okinawan residents from one side to the other.

On September 3 and 4, 1939, in Bydgoszcz, Poland, German military intelligence units caused a panic that resulted in the littering of Bydgoszcz and surrounding areas with the bodies of German victims of the Polish military insurrection.

 　　On September 3 and 4, 1939, a genocide massacre took place in Bydgoszcz, Poland. From the panic created by German military intelligence (PK 689), the bodies of German victims of the Polish military insurrection in Bydgoszcz and the surrounding area were scattered. Retreating Polish troops of the 15th Infantry Division of the Pomeranian Army were fired upon by unidentified perpetrators, and there were also attacks against Polish civilians. About 20 Polish soldiers and five Bydgoszcz residents were probably killed, leading to a violent backlash by Polish military authorities. As a result of the rioting that took place in the city, between 160 and more than 400 people were captured and shot, depending on the source.

　The Germans began their retaliatory actions shortly after September 5, when they occupied Bydgoszcz Street. Between 350 and 400 people were shot dead in public executions. The most spectacular crimes took place in Bydgoszcz Market Square on September 9 and 10. In the following months, about 1,500 people were killed in the so-called Valley of Death in Fordon, near Bydgoszcz.

　The Germans used the events in Bydgoszcz for propaganda purposes: September 3 was marked as Blood Sunday (Bromberger Blutsonntag) and was first published in a German newspaper (Deutsche Rundschau) published in Bydgoszcz on September 7, 1939. The incident became the pretext for bloody revenge against Poles throughout Pomerania. Nazi propaganda exaggerated that the Poles had killed 1,000 people in Bydgoszcz alone. The Germans claimed that it was an organized military action by Polish forces in Pomerania.

　Britain and France declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939, at which point Germany forced an attack and the Polish army held out for seven days before finally surrendering. It then triggered the nearly six-year-long World War II that tore Europe apart and resulted in the deaths of some 70 million people.

　After World War II, from 1945 to 1948, the Commission of Inquiry into German Crimes in Poland conducted an investigation. It found that "the Germans carried out a planned diversionary operation at 10:15 a.m. on September 3, 1939, to create panic among retreating Polish regiments in Bydgoszcz." Based on eyewitness testimony, the Prosecutor's Office established that there were 46 points in Bydgoszcz where saboteurs fired. A Polish investigation concluded in 2004 that approximately 40 to 50 Poles and 100 to 300 Germans were killed. It was one of many false flag operations launched by the Germans under the code name Operation Himmler.

Beside the dead bodies of Japanese soldiers killed in the Battle of Okinawa, the U.S. forces moved to occupy Zamami Island on March 27, 1945, the day after they landed. on March 26, 1945, Zamami Island, along with other islands in the Kerama archipelago, was invaded by the U.S. forces.

    With the dead bodies of Japanese soldiers killed in the Battle of Okinawa at their side, U.S. forces moved to occupy Zamami Island on March 27, 1945, the day after they landed, and on March 26, 1945, Zamami Island, along with other islands in the Kerama group, was invaded by U.S. forces. Prior to the invasion, the residents of Zamami Island were ordered to commit suicide by grenade by the Japanese military. American forces landed and invaded Zamami Island at 9:00 a.m. on the first day of the Battle of Okinawa, and from March 23, Zamami Island was destroyed by heavy aerial bombardment. Residents took refuge in self-made trenches and mountains, and on March 28, while advancing on Zamami Island, American troops discovered the bodies of 12 women strangled to death and one man buried alive in a cave. The scourge of the residents caused by the Battle of Okinawa began early.

   At 9:00 a.m. on March 26, the U.S. forces invaded Zamami Island and initially met with no resistance. Zamami Island was a hump-shaped island. The U.S. forces were forced to land on foot, with troops attached by Amtrak to a deep bay on a low plain on the southern coast. The American invasion force came under sporadic mortar and sniper fire until they reached the town of Zamami, which was located behind the beach.

 　On Zamami Island, American forces pushed into the highlands on the afternoon of March 26 without making contact with the Japanese. From midnight until dawn the next day, March 27, a group of Japanese troops armed with rifles, pistols, and sabers penetrated the American perimeter near the beach. The American forces, bearing the brunt of the attack, repulsed the localized Japanese assault with the support of automatic rifles and mortars. The American machine guns were repeatedly replaced. The night firefight evolved into a savage hand-to-hand combat in which the Americans killed more than 200 Japanese soldiers with seven killed and 12 wounded.

　The landing operations on the Kerama Archipelago began with the landing on Aka Island shortly after 8:00 a.m. on March 26, and by March 29, the entire Kerama Archipelago had fallen into the hands of American forces. The U.S. forces did not officially declare their occupation until March 31. The U.S. forces attacked the Kerama Archipelago 15 times, resulting in 31 U.S. casualties killed in action and 81 wounded. Japanese garrison casualties included 530 killed in action, 121 generals, and more than 1,195 residents taken prisoner.

On January 5, 1987, a gunfire by Vietnamese troops of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam gunned down Chinese soldier Song Jianping of the Chinese People's Liberation Army shortly after he paused at a Chinese military position on the Laoshan front in the Yunnan Province border.

　　On January 5, 1987, just after Chinese soldier Song Jianping paused for a smoke break at a Chinese military position on the Laoshan frontline on the Yunnan Province border, Vietnamese gunfire shot and killed Chinese soldier Song Jianping. While the fighting continued, a Chinese military colleague attempted to posthumously treat Song Jianping's body by covering him with a cotton overcoat, a cotton greatcoat.

　The Sino-Vietnamese War broke out on February 17, 1979 and lasted until March 16, 1979, when Chinese forces launched a self-defense counterattack war against North Vietnamese forces. China and North Vietnam had been comrades-in-arms during the Vietnam War. China enthusiastically celebrated the birth of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in April 1975. However, the separation between the two countries surfaced soon after the end of the Vietnam War, when the new Vietnamese government demanded possession of the Xisha and Nansha archipelagos, which had been disputed between China and Vietnam since the early 1970s. The Vietnamese side demanded that the border be negotiated, stating that the approximately 1,100-km border had not yet been demarcated. Before any talks could be held, Vietnam began persecuting the hundreds of thousands of urban residents of Chinese descent in the south of the country in 1977, forcing them to leave their homes for rural villages. Vietnam also caused repeated incidents of encroachment by China in the border region. The international context was the Sino-Soviet conflict, and after the Vietnam War, Vietnam rapidly moved closer to China's number one enemy, the Soviet Union. Stirring Chinese caution, it invaded pro-Chinese Cambodia in December 1978. The Sino-Vietnamese War, a cross-border attack by Chinese forces that exceeded the limits of Chinese patience, lasted about a month until the withdrawal was completed on March 16, 1979. About 26,000 Chinese troops were killed and about 30,000 Vietnamese troops were killed in action. Thereafter, fierce offensives and defenses were repeated across the border.

　The Sino-Vietnamese conflict continued to be a series of border and naval clashes between the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam from 1979 to 1991, even after the Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979. The conflict lasted from the end of the Sino-Vietnamese War until the normalization of diplomatic relations in 1991. After the Sino-Vietnamese War, the Chinese People's Liberation Army withdrew from Vietnam in March 1979. Chinese troops occupied 60 square kilometers of disputed territory controlled by Vietnam before the outbreak of hostilities. In some areas, such as the area around the Friendship Gate near the city of Long Son (Lạng Sơn), Chinese forces occupied territory of little military value but of symbolic value. Elsewhere, Chinese forces occupied strategic positions of military importance as springboards for attacking Vietnam. The occupation of border areas by Chinese forces angered Vietnam and became the starting point for a series of border disputes between Vietnam and China to gain control of border areas. The Sino-Vietnamese conflict continued until 1991, reaching its peak in 1984-1985; relations between the two countries gradually returned to normal in the early 1990s with Vietnam's withdrawal from Cambodia and the dissolution of the Soviet Union; by 1991, the two countries declared normalization of diplomatic relations and the border conflict ended.

 

During the first half of World War II, German soldiers searched for repulsed Canadian soldiers and destroyed equipment on the Dieppe coast of France. Of the approximately 5,000 Canadian troops, 3,367 were killed, wounded, or captured, an exceptional casualty rate of approximately 68%.

　　German soldiers search among the wreckage of repulsed Canadian soldiers and destroyed equipment on the beaches of Dieppe, France, during the first half of World War II. Two abandoned Churchill tanks and a landing craft from the 14th Canadian Tank Regiment survived.On August 19, 1942, British forces executed Operation Jubilee, a massive air raid against the port on the French coast of Dieppe. Approximately 4,900 Canadian, 1,000 British, and 50 American soldiers left the British port on 237 warships. Canadian troops made up the bulk of the attack force in the raid on Dieppe. Of the approximately 6,100 troops, nearly 5,000 were Canadian soldiers. Air support was not up to the task and advance reconnaissance was inadequate. The landing on the German-controlled Dieppe beach was unsuccessful. Of the 6,086 Allied troops who landed, 3,623 were killed, wounded, or captured. The Royal Navy lost one destroyer and several landing craft, and the Royal Air Force lost 106 aircraft compared to the Luftwaffe's 48.

　The Allied landing at Dieppe was delayed, and as the Canadian regiments landed in the dawn light, they were met with heavy machine-gun fire from German soldiers who were on full alert. Allied tanks were trapped on Dieppe beach, and infantrymen were almost prevented from invading the town by obstacles and German fire. In less than six hours, casualties mounted and the retreat was forced. Of the approximately 5,000 Canadian troops, 3,367 were killed, wounded, or captured, an exceptional casualty rate of 68%. The Royal Navy lost the destroyer Berkeley and 33 landing craft, with 550 casualties. The Luftwaffe lost 106 aircraft. Six of the 50 U.S. Army Rangers attached to the Commando unit were killed, seven were wounded, and four were taken prisoner. This was the first time U.S. troops had participated in a World War II ground battle. The Germans suffered 591 casualties, 322 killed, 280 wounded, and lost 48 aircraft and one patrol boat.

　On August 19, 1942, German forces on the French Channel coast near Dieppe repulsed a landing operation led by Canadian troops that had been executed for obvious propaganda purposes. The number of Allied troops participating was less than 6,000. This bloody and unsuccessful operation had a profound impact until the Normandy landings of June 6, 1944, when Operation Jubilee was formulated by the Western Allies to justify the absence of a second front to the Soviet Union on the Western Front.

 

On January 21, 2024, a woman walked past the bodies of victims killed in shelling conducted by Ukrainian troops in the Russian-controlled region of Donetsk in eastern Ukraine, which claimed the lives of at least 27 people and injured 25 others.

　　A woman walks past the body of a victim killed in a shelling carried out by Ukrainian troops in the Russian-controlled city of Donetsk in eastern Ukraine on January 21, 2024. At least 27 people lost their lives and 25 were wounded in a deadly artillery attack on January 21, 2024 near the Russian-controlled city of Donetsk in eastern Ukraine. It was one of the worst attacks on a city in the Donetsk region. Two children were among the wounded in the suburb of Tekstilshchik. The shells that hit the Donetsk region were fired from the regions of Kulakhov and Krasnohorivka to the west.

　The Donetsk region is the site of a disastrous clash between Russian and Ukrainian forces that has been ongoing since 2014. Rising tensions between Ukrainian forces and separatist forces allied with Russian forces have escalated the humanitarian crisis in the Donetsk region.

　At least 27 people were killed and 25 wounded in shelling of a downtown Donetsk suburb occupied by Russian forces. Russian authorities installed in Donetsk blamed the deadly attack on Ukrainian forces. Emergency services are still on the scene, but Ukrainian authorities have remained silent on the events and an independent verification has yet to be accomplished.

　The war, which has been going on for nearly two years, has left the positions on the front lines of about 1,500 kilometers almost unchanged. During the winter months, both sides increased their reliance on long-range attacks. The Donetsk authorities, set up by the Russian military in Donetsk, condemned the shelling orchestrated by the Ukrainian military. The Russian Foreign Ministry labeled it a terrorist attack. As the accusations intensified, both Russia and Ukraine denounced each other for the escalating airstrikes. Russian President Vladimir Putin promised that the heinous act would not go unpunished. The attacks were condemned by the United Nations, which also strongly condemned all attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure, including the Ukrainian military's shelling of the city of Donetsk.

　The shelling of Donetsk highlighted the growing human toll and deteriorating humanitarian situation in the region. The city of Donetsk, with a population of about 600,000, is a frequent target of Ukrainian military attacks, the January 21 attack being one of the most serious in Donetsk. The international community became increasingly concerned about developments in the Russian-Ukrainian war. Efforts to negotiate a peaceful settlement face difficulties due to complex geopolitical stakes and deep-seated hostilities between the parties.

Warning: A woman walks past a body of a victim killed during the shelling that Russian officials in Donetsk said was conducted by Ukrainian forces, in Donetsk, Russian- controlled Donetsk region, eastern Ukraine in Donetsk, Ukraine, Sunday, Jan. 21, 2024. Local officials say at least 18 people have been killed by shelling of a market in Russian-occupied Ukraine. The attack hit Tekstilshchik, a suburb of the city of Donetsk, on Sunday. Alexei Kulemzin, the city's Russian-installed mayor, said that the shells had been fired by the Ukrainian military. (AP Photo/Alexei Alexandrov)

A model of scar pathology tissue of a human body part caused by exposure to the Nagasaki atomic bomb was made and exhibited at the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum. A keloid model of a Nagasaki atomic bomb survivor was made using a moulage.

    A model of scar pathology tissue of a human body part caused by exposure to the Nagasaki atomic bomb was made and exhibited at Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum. The model is a keloid pathology specimen of a burn wound from the right face to the neck. A model of keloidal tissue from a Nagasaki atomic bomb survivor was made using a moulage technique.

　　This is a model of a keloid pathology specimen of the right upper arm to forearm and fingers, with the wrist joint of the right hand extended and the fingers flexed and contracted. The Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum exhibited in the A-bombed section a melted glass bottle, a charred lunch box, a photo of a charred boy, a photo and model of keloid damage, and the reality of a piece of clothing with a piece of glass stuck in its back from the blast.

　The damage caused by the atomic bomb was the result of the combined effects of the blast, heat rays (radiant heat), and radiation, resulting in the appearance of extremely complex symptoms. In particular, 96.7% of those exposed within 1 km of the bomb died of burns and 96.9% of those exposed to trauma, and 94.1% of the uninjured survivors died. The early deaths from the atomic bombs were caused not only by burns and trauma, but also by the added damage of the intense radiation.

　The radiation from an atomic bomb penetrates the human body and destroys various cells. The degree of damage depends on the amount of radiation exposed. Of those exposed within 1 km of the hypocenter, the majority of survivors died, even if they were uninjured. The destructive power of radiation was intense on cells. The damage to the human body was not limited to the time of the explosion; radiation also damaged cells deep within the body. Over time, various symptoms developed from radiation damage. It caused cancer, leukemia, cataracts, and other diseases.

　Keloids were caused by an overgrowth of scar tissue that forms to repair the wound surface after a burn from an atomic bomb burst. It is a condition in which the skin surface is covered with irregular bumps that resemble the shell and legs of a crab. It began to appear around four months after the bombing and became most prominent between six months and one year and two months after the bombing. It was most common among those who were exposed to the bomb at a distance of approximately 2 km from the hypocenter.