GDR soldiers have uncovered several groups of human skeletons from a mass grave near Oranienburg, north of Berlin. They are believed to be victims of the NKVD between 1945 and 1950.

  Soldiers of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany, GDR) Army discovered several groups of human remains of prisoners in a mass grave near Oranienburg in the Sachsenhausen Special Camp, north of Berlin, which were discovered between 1945 and 1950 by the Soviet Union's secret intelligence agency, the NKVD (National Committee of the People's Commissariat of the Interior). They were believed to be victims of prisoners from the Sachsenhausen Special Camp. The camp housed senior Nazi officials, political prisoners, and inmates sentenced by Soviet military tribunals.

　The Sachsenhausen concentration camp was established by the SS in 1936 and received its first prisoners beginning in 1938; by the end of the war in 1945, approximately 11,000 Jews were held in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Liberated by the Soviet Army on April 22, 1945, the Nazi German concentration camp at Sachsenhausen was converted into a special camp for the Soviet military government from August 1945 to March 1950. The Nazi concentration camp near Oranienburg, Germany, was used from May 1936 until April 1945, just before the defeat of Nazi Germany. Senior Nazi officials were specially detained, as were political prisoners and inmates sentenced by Soviet military tribunals.

　As part of the Allied policy of de-Nazification, the Soviet military established ten special camps in Soviet-occupied territory after the military defeat of the National Socialist regime. Special Camp No. 7 in Sachsenhausen (No. 1 since 1948) housed about 60,000 inmates, the largest number among the special camps; between 1945 and 1950, about 12,000 people died of hunger and disease. During the famine winter of 1946-1947, the meager rations were cut, resulting in many deaths.

　After brutal interrogations and conditions in the temporary camps, most detainees found the buildings of the Sachsenhausen Special Camp provided better accommodations, but the barracks were overcrowded. Internees were crammed onto bare wooden planks. Ruinous sanitary conditions, lack of food, medicine, clothing, and heating fuel led to disease and epidemics. Mortality rates were high, reaching a high in 1947. Inmates were not allowed any contact with the outside world, and the special camps, also called silent camps, were not forced labor camps.

　Prisoners who died in the special camps were buried anonymously in mass graves, three of which were discovered and opened to the public after the fall of Berlin. In March 1950, a few months after the founding of the German Democratic Republic, the Soviet special camps were disbanded. Approximately 8,000 prisoners were released from the special camp at Sexenhausen, and a small number were taken to the Soviet Union. The last internees were more than 7,000 Soviet citizens and Russian immigrants, captured Soviet prisoners of war, former forced laborers, and Red Army soldiers who had committed crimes.

During the Battle of Tarawa in the Pacific War, the bodies of nearly 1,000 or more U.S. Marines and sailors fell among the waves, beaches, shell holes, and fallen palm trees on Betio Island.

 　　During the Battle of Tarawa in the Pacific War, the corpses of nearly 1,000 or more U.S. Marines and sailors lay among the waves, beaches, shell holes, and fallen palm trees on Betio Island. The bodies of American soldiers were scattered around Betio Island and washed by the waves of the Pacific Ocean. Nearly 4,700 members of the garrison, which included Japanese combat troops and Korean labor units, all but 17 prisoners of war were killed.

　From November 20 to November 25, 1943, in Operation Galvanic, U.S. Navy and Marine Corps units carried out an amphibious assault to occupy Tarawa Atoll. The landing sites were knocked out by U.S. forces. Japanese base wrecked at Tarawa Atoll," ran the headlines in American newspapers. Often accompanied by photographs of the battle sent from the front lines. An unusually high percentage of the photos, which made the battle look worse than it was, showed unfamiliar dead American soldiers. The death toll rose shockingly as American corpses littered the beaches in a short period of time. A list of war casualties was released to the media. Local Marines replaced the photos of the dead with portraits of those who had died in the line of duty for their country. The bloody Battle of Tarawa buried the small island of Betio with some 6,000 corpses.

　Betio Island in Tarawa Atoll was an island of about 1 square kilometer, a 1.21 km2 sand island only a few meters above sea level. It was dotted with forts and fortifications, the pinnacle of Japanese defense engineering. Sand-covered concrete blockhouses, palm tree shelters, anti-ship batteries, slit trenches, minefields, and seawall launching pads were scattered across Betio Island. U.S. casualties in Operation Galvanic were 997 Marines and 30 sailors killed, 88 Marines missing, and 2,233 Marines and 59 sailors wounded in action.

　Tarawa Atoll, located just a few degrees off the equator, saw temperatures reach triple digits during the battle, and the heat and humidity created conditions for corruption. Corpses that were only two days old had already turned a sickly green color. The air was filled with coral dust, the miasma of death, and a stench that was nauseating and horrifying. The small area of Betio Island was the scene of fierce fighting and constant attacks by the Japanese. It was essential to carry the large numbers of lying, decomposing and fast-disintegrating corpses underground, and there was no time to give the dead a proper burial.

After devastating concentrated fire by Soviet troops, the Seelow Hights were littered with the corpses of German soldiers. The remaining Wehrmacht units that had been deployed 70 km east of the Berlin suburbs to oppose the Soviet forces were overrun.

   The desperate German counterattack in the Seelow Heights led to several days of heavy fighting on key fronts. The Seelow Heights were littered with dead German soldiers after devastating concentrated fire by the Soviet forces. The remaining Wehrmacht units that had been deployed against the Soviet forces on the eastern outskirts of Berlin were overrun. Many German soldiers believed that if the Soviets would not surrender or accept prisoners of war, they would die anyway, so it was better to die fighting. Suspected deserters and losers were summarily executed by the SS.

　The Battle of the Seelow Heights, about 70 km east of the capital Berlin, was fought on the Eastern Front at the end of World War II, with fighting breaking out from April 16 to April 19, 1945. The battle saw Soviet forces invade and occupy the Zerow Heights, located east of Berlin. The Zerow Heights, known as the Gates of Berlin, were attacked by the Soviet Army's First Belarusian Front. The battle lasted three days and was extremely fierce as the Germans tried to defend their capital, Berlin. The German positions were finally crushed on April 19, opening the way to Berlin for the Soviet forces.

　At 3:00 a.m. on April 16, a massive bombardment of the German positions began. The Soviet troops suffered heavy casualties from the concentrated bombardment by the Germans on the swampy ground, and from the night of April 16, the Soviet artillery invaded. on the morning of April 17, a massive bombardment began, and the Soviet forces against the Zerow Highlands began a gradual advance against the German garrison. The Soviets launched another offensive on April 18 and began to break through the German lines with heavy casualties. By evening, the Soviets had reached the Germans' final line of defense. The Soviets began to bypass the Zerow Heights to the north, and the Soviet forces that surged forward on April 19 overwhelmed the Germans' last line of defense. The Germans were forced out of position and began to retreat westward toward Berlin. With the road to Berlin now open, the Soviet forces began a rapid advance toward Berlin.

　In the Battle of the Seelow Heights, the Soviet forces lost more than 30,000 men killed in action, while German casualties totaled about 12,000. With the defeat of the Germans, the last organized German defense between the Soviets and Berlin collapsed. Soviet forces besieged the German capital Berlin on April 23 and began the final battle of Berlin, which fell on May 2, ending World War II with the unconditional surrender of the Western Front on May 7 and the Eastern Front on May 9.

On October 22, 2023, the bodies of six children killed in an Israeli airstrike lie in the morgue of Al-Aqsa Hospital in Deir Bara, central Gaza Strip, amid ongoing fighting between Israel and the Palestinian Hamas armed group.

　 The bodies of six children killed in an Israeli airstrike lie in the morgue of al-Aqsa Hospital in Deir Bara, central Gaza Strip, on October 22, 2023, amid ongoing fighting between Israel and the Palestinian Hamas armed group. The bodies of six children killed by Israeli airstrikes in the Gaza Strip lie in the morgue of Al Aqsa Hospital. According to colleagues at Al-Aqsa Hospital, the children were the children of two families living in the same house.

　In the 24 hours of November 28, 2023, rescuers collected 160 bodies from under rubble and from roads in the Gaza Strip, bringing the death toll since the start of the Israeli offensive on October 7 to more than 15,000, including more than 6,150 children and 4,000 women. Due to a lack of machinery and equipment to remove the debris, rescuers have so far exhumed the bodies by hand and using primitive methods. Approximately 6,500 missing persons are still under the rubble or unaccounted for.

　Since the temporary humanitarian ceasefire began on November 24, rescuers, first responders, and civilians have done everything they could to collect as many bodies as possible. The past five days have expressed the horror of the humanitarian catastrophe that has struck the Gaza Strip. As a result of Israeli air, land, and sea bombardment, some 300,000 homes were damaged, 50,000 of which were completely destroyed.

　Despite the cease-fire, occupation forces prevented civilians displaced to the southern Gaza Strip from returning to northern cities and towns. Israeli occupation forces stationed on Salah al-Din Street opened fire on civilians trying to head north to inspect their homes and search for missing family members, killing three and wounding others.

　On December 14, the Israeli army's shelling of the Gaza Strip killed some 18,787 people and wounded more than 50,897, mostly women and children, according to the Gaza Strip Health Ministry. Numerous victims still lie under rubble and on roads.

Warning: The bodies of children killed in an Israeli strike, lie on the floor at the morgue of the Al-Aqsa hospital in Deir Balah in the central Gaza Strip on October 22, 2023, as battles continue between Israel and the Palestinian Hamas group. (MAHMUD HAMS / AFP)

Kiyoshi Kikkawa, a 33-year-old man, was exposed to the atomic bomb in front of his home, about 1.5 km from the hypocenter, on August 6, 1945.

    The entire back of Kiyoshi Kikkawa, who still has keloidal burns from the heat of the Hiroshima atomic bomb, is photographed at Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital on April 30, 1947.Kiyoshi Kikkawa, a 33-year-old man, was exposed to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima City on August 6, 1945, in front of his home about 1.5 km away from the hypocenter. He was hospitalized at the Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital in February 1946 and underwent about 16 surgeries, including skin grafts, before being discharged in April 1951 while receiving public assistance. A photograph taken on April 30, 1947 was featured in Life magazine and other publications as "ATOMIC BOMB VICTIM NO. 1 KIKKAWA" (Atomic Bomb No. 1).

  The shoulder, arm, and back burned by the heat rays of the Hiroshima atomic bomb have raised flesh scars and keloids, and the surgical scars are fresh. Masaru Kuroishi (who died in 1990 at the age of 77), an X-ray technician at the Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital, took the photographs as a medical record before and after treatment under the direction of doctors. He began taking photographs of the pathological conditions of A-bombed patients at the Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital (now the Hiroshima Red Cross and Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital) in October 1945, about two months after the atomic bombing by the U.S. military on August 6, 1945.

　Masaru Kuroishi's photography was also under the direction of Deputy Director Fumio Shigeto and his colleagues. He and his colleague Seiji Saito, a pathology technician, recorded the effects of the atomic bombing on the human body. Some patients at the hospital were so injured that they could not even be identified by gender. Fumio Shigeto, the director of the hospital, told me to take various photographs, but my conscience got the better of me and I couldn't do it." Despite his conflicted feelings, he took nearly 50 photographs as a medical record.

  In addition to the direct deaths of tens of thousands of people, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki resulted in a series of horrific consequences that have long characterized the entire region. Within a year of the atomic bombings, many people died from radiation and burns, and in the years that followed, many Japanese died of cancer and birth defects due to the radiation released by the very bombs.

The shooting took place around noon on Sunday, September 5, 1971, at the Kreuzberg district border in the German Democratic Republic (formerly East Germany). Border guards pulled back a fugitive who had been shot to death after a failed escape attempt.

　　The shooting took place around noon on Sunday, September 5, 1971, at the Kreuzberg district border in the German Democratic Republic (formerly East Germany). Border guards pulled back a fugitive who had been shot to death after a failed escape attempt. The insistence of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) state on unrestricted control of the East German population was most clearly and brutally demonstrated in the border system. Those who fled the country without the rare permission of the GDR authorities risked their health and lives.

　 When the Berlin Wall was erected on August 13, 1961, the East German authorities separated the free West Berlin from the controlled areas by a wall. According to official figures, some 1,245 East German citizens had been shot dead while attempting to cross the border by 1989. Of those, about 136 had been killed trying to cross the Berlin Wall by 1989; by the time Erich Honecker said in 1989 that the Berlin Wall would still exist 50 or even 100 years later, at least 130 people had already been killed by border patrol gunfire. The first victim was a woman, Ida Siegmann, who, in the early morning hours of August 22, 1961, attempted to escape, jumped from the window of her fourth-floor apartment, fell to the sidewalk, and died on her way to Lazarus Hospital from serious injuries. More recently, 20-year-old Chris Geffroy was shot and killed in February 1989, nine months before the wall fell. He was the last victim of the German border wall, which fell on the night of November 9, 1989, opening the border between East and West Germany.

　Many people fled to the West through the East German barrier. The East German authorities took steps to strengthen the border. Watchtowers were erected every 10 meters along the wall. East German border patrol soldiers were given cameras and ordered to record, meter by meter, the areas where the border wall was to be built. The approximately 1,200 negatives that were taken were stored in the military archives in Potsdam and were accidentally discovered in a cardboard box. Soldiers on border patrol were severely punished for committing minor crimes. In October 1973, the East German government issued a shoot-to-kill order to the border guards handling defectors to West Germany. In the event of a successful escape and crossing the border into West Germany, border guards who failed to prevent border violations and desertion from the GDR were subject to disciplinary action.

On the afternoon of May 1, 1945, the U.S. 1st Marine Division encountered fanatical Japanese resistance along the Awacha Pocket of the Battle of Okinawa. From caves and concreted mounds on the ridge, the Japanese opened fire, accompanied by intense and intense small arms fire. There were many casualties in the American forces in the Awacha Pocket, and they were carried to their positions on stretchers.

　　During the Battle of Okinawa, on the afternoon of May 1, 1945, when the 5th Marines occupied the remaining positions, the Japanese occupied and consolidated their positions on the southern edge of Awacha (Awaacha). U.S. Army tanks passing through Awacha came under fire from the Japanese. The 1st Marine Division met resistance from fanatical Japanese troops along the Awacha Pocket it faced. From caves and concreted Okinawan mounds on the ridge, the Japanese opened fire, accompanied by intense and intense small arms fire. There were also many battle casualties in the Awacha Pocket of the U.S. forces, and they were carried to their positions on stretchers. I witnessed a horrific battlefield with a mass of corpses. The U.S. forces lost about 200 men for every 91 meters of Japanese positions they occupied.

 During the Battle of Okinawa, Awaicha, located almost in the center of the southern part of the main island of Okinawa, was the scene of fierce fighting. After the landing of the U.S. forces on the main island of Okinawa, the Japanese Army stoutly defended the Awaacha area against the U.S. Marines invading from the west and the U.S. Army's 77th Division invading from the north in early May 1945, in what was known as the Awacha Pocket.

　On May 2, 1945, the U.S. Marines invaded in heavy rain and captured the nearest high ground. Soon after, they were forced to retreat under heavy Japanese fire from adjacent strong points. During the night, U.S. Marines engaged the Japanese infiltration force in a white combat. on the morning of May 6, 1945, four battalions of U.S. artillery, two Army and two Marine, shelled the Awacha Pocket before the 5th U.S. Marines launched their morning attack. on May 10, 1945, the 5th U.S. Marines finally sealed off the Awacha Pocket. The battle, often fought at close range, came to an end on May 10, and the Japanese lost more than 1,000 dead.

　The 77th Regiment, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Division, U.S. Army, on the right (west side), encountered heavy resistance from the Japanese. The Japanese position immediately forward of the regiment was south of the town of Awacha and was organized into a fierce battleground known as the Awacha Pocket. The coordination of tanks and infantry, supported by American heavy artillery, was the only means of invasion. It was not until May 11 that the Awacha Pocket finally achieved encirclement.

　 By May 11, the 24th U.S. Army Corps had eliminated many Japanese positions in preparation for the full-scale offensive that followed, and the week of May 3 to May 10 saw a general strengthening of the front from Oki on the east coast to the Asakawa River in the west. More than 20,000 casualties, including noncombatants, were suffered. American forces on the Shuri Line extended the front at Maeda, Kochi, and Awakawa, making the lines of communication more secure and gaining more favorable terrain for the 10th Army's attack scheduled for May 11.

Jews from the Lodz ghetto who resisted deportation on Ljubna Street in Lodz, Poland, were massacred in the streets without prior warning by Jewish and German police and the Gestapo.

　　Jews from Lodz (Łódź) Ghetto who resisted deportation on Ljubna Street in Lodz, Poland, were massacred in the streets by Jewish and German police and the Gestapo. On Ljubna Street in Łódź Ghetto, the Jewish Ghetto police forcibly removed people from their apartments for deportation from September 5 to September 12, 1942; from September 7, the German police and Gestapo fired without prior warning and killed on the street whenever there was resistance; in the September deportations Approximately 15,681 people were deported, hundreds were shot for resistance, and 35 were hanged. From that moment on, the Lodz Ghetto became a forced labor camp.

　From September 5-12, 1942, more than 15,000 Polish-occupied Lodz ghettoes were sent to the extermination concentration camp at Chelmno nad Nerem. Only a small number of privileged children of the ghetto community escaped deportation.

　On February 8, 1940, the German authorities established a ghetto in Lodz, occupied Poland. Second in size only to the Warsaw Ghetto, the ghetto was separated from the rest of the city, fenced off, and guarded. During the four years that the Lodz Ghetto existed, over 200,000 people, including Jews, resided in the Lodz Ghetto. The ghetto existed until August 29, 1944. During that time, approximately 45,000 people died of starvation and disease. Others were killed in extermination concentration camps. It was estimated that only 5-7,000 survived until the end of the war.

　The greatest tragedy in the Lodz ghetto, the deportation of the "Wielka Spera" affected mainly children under the age of 10, the elderly over 65, the sick and the unemployed. The decision to deport was made by the Greater Nazi Reich Security Service in late August 1942; between September 5 and 12, 1942, the people of the Lodz ghetto community who had survived the war were scarred for life. Evacuations from hospitals and the central prison on September 1 and 2, days before the deportations, caused panic. People told each other their worst predictions, and many of the escapees were killed, as were officials who had opposed the order.

　On September 4, 1942, shortly before the tragic deportation, Council of Elders President Chaim Mordechai Lamkowski asked the Jews to give up their children and old people, saying, "The Germans are asking you to give up your children and old people. Give the children and the old people to me. Give the victims into my hands. No more victims," he said in a speech.On August 28, 1944, Rumkowski was beaten to death in the Auschwitz concentration camp by prisoners of the Lodz ghetto in revenge for the Holocaust.

　On September 5, 1942, a curfew was announced on the walls of the Lodz ghetto and a deportation committee was set up; until September 12, the Jewish ghetto police and special units took people in according to lists and sent them to the station. The actions of the Jewish ghetto police caused great anger among the ghetto population. The police efficiently took elderly people by force in nursing homes. They pulled babies from the breasts of resisting mothers. Healthy teeth were pulled from the jaws. Mothers and fathers did not want to give up their children, who were several years old and resisting. Blood flowed in the streets of Lodz Geto, in the houses, and in the rooms.

 

Twenty-two female telephone switchboard operators of the Fukui Post Office Telephone Division died in the line of duty on July 19, 1945, when they were killed in an air raid by the U.S. Army on Fukui. Twenty-two female telephone switchboard operators, aged between 16 and 47, and one 60-year-old man in general affairs, who guarded the switchboard to the end even after an air raid warning was issued, were killed.

　Twenty-two female telephone switchboard operators of the Fukui Post Office Telephone Division died in the line of duty on July 19, 1945, when they were killed in an air raid by the U.S. Army on Fukui. Twenty-two female telephone switchboard operators, aged between 16 and 47, and one 60-year-old man in general affairs, who protected the switchboard to the last minute even after an air raid warning was issued, were killed as victims. They died of asphyxiation from smoke inhalation. The Fukui Post Office telephone annex, located at 1 Chuo, Fukui City, was a reinforced concrete structure. Incendiary bombs from an overhead U.S. air raid on Fukui pierced the roof, and the fire spread throughout the building. Telephone operators on duty fled from the switchboard room to another room. Twenty-three people died, including 22 female telephone operators and a 60-year-old man on general duty, from smoke inhalation from a neighboring house that was also on fire.

　Fukui City was devastated by an air raid by 127 American B-29 bombers from 11:24 p.m. to 0:45 a.m. on July 19, 1945, in the final days of the Pacific War. During the intensive 81-minute raid, approximately 865 tons of incendiary bombs were dropped on a radius of 1.2 km around the northwest area of the ruins of Fukui Castle. The weather was fine, increasing the accuracy of the bombing, and the damage was extensive. The U.S. military assessed the rate of destruction in the urban area of Fukui City to be about 84.8%, which was the second highest rate of destruction after Toyama City and Numazu City in the bombing of local cities in Japan. In Fukui City, more than 20,000 houses were destroyed by fire, and approximately 85,603 welfare citizens were affected, with the death toll exceeding 1,576. Of the 6,527 seriously and slightly injured, 108 of them died later.

　The city of Fukui was burned to the ground by incendiary bombs, and those who took refuge in air-raid shelters were burned to a crisp by the heat of the fire. People who jumped into the moat of Fukui Castle and the Ashiba River in search of water died in a heap. Even in Fukui Prefecture, frequent air defense and light control drills around urban areas were completely ineffective against large-scale urban bombing. During the Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese military bombed Chongqing and other cities, indiscriminately inflicting damage on non-combatants as well.

On January 24, 1945, on the Eastern Front of World War II in Belarus, the Soviet Army's 10th Tank Corps invaded the German city of Mühlhausen in Operation Murawa Elbing. Along the road, the bodies of German soldiers and residents were scattered.

　　On January 24, 1945, on the Eastern Front of World War II in Belarus, the Soviet Army's 10th Tank Corps invaded the German city of Mühlhausen (now the Polish city of Mlynari) in Operation Mlawa-Elbing. Along the road, the bodies of German soldiers and residents were scattered. The city of Mühlhausen was liberated from Nazi German control. Soviet troops reached a wide front south of the Oder River and Frankfurt am Oder in Söden on January 31, less than 80 kilometers from the Soviet positions to the capital Berlin.

　　 In August 1944, the Germans had no difficulty holding off the Soviets on the Viswa front. In January 1945, the Soviet Red Army went on the offensive again, assembling powerful mechanized units and large artillery and air units. From January 12 to February 3 in Operation Viswa-Odel, the Soviet forces went on the offensive, invading until on the first day of February they reached the Oder Line, some 80 kilometers from the capital Berlin. The Soviet forces made a very rapid winter invasion: in Operation Viswa-Oder from January 12 to February 3, the Soviet forces lost approximately 43,476 dead or missing and 150,000 wounded, while the German forces lost approximately 300,000 more dead, wounded, and prisoners of war. In the months that followed, Soviet forces engaged in combat to collapse isolated German groups in East Prussia and Pomerania just prior to launching the final offensive against the capital, Berlin. After the initial collapse and heavy losses, the Germans organized a defensive position on the Oder River defending Berlin, the capital of the German Empire, to prolong the resistance of the besieged German forces.

　The final stages of World War II became increasingly disastrous, and the Germans began their retreat at great cost. Soviet forces invaded East Prussian territory, and on January 23, 1945, transports of refugees, soldiers, and wounded began to leave the ports of East Prussia and the Bay of Danzig. By the end of the war, some 2 million people had been displaced, and about 14,000 refugees died during the sea transport.On March 4, 1945, Russian troops occupied Czernin. Many residents fled. On the outskirts of the village, a camp was built by the Russians to house prisoners of war, who were later deported to Russia. Rape, abuse, murder, and looting occurred everywhere. Under a simultaneous bombardment by a group of Soviet tanks and machine guns, Kolberg was surrounded on March 4 and fell on March 18.

Residents grieve as they stand near the bodies of residents killed in a massive Russian airstrike in Zaporizhia, Ukraine, on December 19, 2023.

　　Residents grieve as they stand near the bodies of residents killed in a massive Russian airstrike in Zaporizhia, Ukraine, on December 19, 2023. In a new report on January 16, 2024, the United Nations announced that missile and drone strikes conducted by Russian forces across Ukraine in recent weeks had led to a sharp increase in civilian casualties in December 2023, killing about 100 more and wounding nearly 500 more.

　Russian military forces have reported a sharp rise in civilian casualties in December 2023 as a result of heavy missile and drone strikes across Ukraine, killing more than 100 people and injuring nearly 500, the United Nations reported. The UN Human Rights Watch for Ukraine reported that civilian casualties were 26.5% higher than in November 2023. According to the UN observers, the highest number of casualties occurred during Russian military attacks between December 29, 2023 and January 2, 2024, when winter temperatures plummeted; on January 4, 2024, Russian rockets hit the frontline town of Pokrovsk and the nearby village of Rovne, killing six adults and five children Two families of two were buried under rubble, with some bodies yet to be found; in another attack on January 6, 2024, in Novomoskovsk, a Russian missile strike exploded, injuring 31 civilians, including eight passengers on a minibus dropped during the morning commute, the UN said.

　The UN observers reported that 86 civilians were killed and 416 injured by intense missile and drone attacks by Russian forces that began hitting populated areas across Ukraine on December 29, 2023, and continued until early January 2024. The number of civilian casualties increased by 26.5% over November 2023, according to the UN observers, worsening from 468 in November to 592 in December. The UN observers reported that civilian casualties declined steadily in 2023, but a wave of Russian military attacks in late December and early January interrupted the downward trend.

　The UN observers reported that 86 civilians were killed and 416 wounded by intense missile and drone attacks by Russian forces that began striking populated areas throughout Ukraine on December 29, 2023, and continued until early January 2024. Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine that broke out on February 24, 2022, the UN Humanitarian Office has confirmed to the UN Security Council more than 10,200 civilian deaths, including 575 children, and more than 19,300 injuries. Neither the Russian nor Ukrainian authorities provided data on military losses, and the war dragged on for nearly two years without any sign of peace talks to end the conflict. Both Russian and Ukrainian forces have struggled to increase casualties on the other side.

Warning: People react standing near the body of a resident, killed in Russia's massive air attack in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine, Friday, December 29, 2023. (AP photo/Andriy Andriyenko)

In early October 1945, he was admitted to Hiroshima Army Hospital No. 1. Due to acute symptoms of radiation damage caused by exposure to the atomic bomb, most of the hair on his head had been lost from the front, sides, and back of his head.

  　Japanese Army soldiers exposed to the atomic bomb were interned at the camp for the injured of the Army Ship Training Department, located in Ujina, about 4 km south-southeast of the hypocenter of the Hiroshima atomic bomb, and in early October 1945, they were admitted to Hiroshima Army Hospital No. 1. Due to acute symptoms of radiation damage caused by exposure to the atomic bomb, most of the hair on their heads had been lost from the front, sides, and back of the head. The main symptoms of the third to fifth week of acute damage to the human body were hair loss, hemorrhage including purpura, and lower hemorrhage, causing death with general weakness.

　Ujina, Hiroshima, was a port area, more than 3 km from the hypocenter, and suffered relatively little damage from the atomic bomb. The people who had been exposed to the atomic bomb in Hiroshima rushed to this area, which had survived the fire. One of the facilities that provided aid to the injured in Ujina was the Army Ship Training Depot. The Army Ship Training Department was an organization that provided education and training in ship operation to army units, and was stationed in the confiscated Daiwa Spinners Hiroshima factory. Since the number of troops receiving training was constantly changing, the barracks were not always full. There was also a stockpile of food, so there was no shortage of meals for about 1,000 people. At 8:15 a.m. on August 6, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, and although the building was slightly damaged by the explosion, it was not seriously damaged. About an hour later, the injured began to arrive. By 3:00 p.m. on August 6, several hundred A-bomb survivors had been admitted to the hospital. The Army Ship Training Department became what should be called a field camp. Many of the inmates were seriously ill with A-bomb disease, and from August 10 to mid-September, approximately 3,000 people died.

　The Army Ship Training Center, which had been a field camp, was reorganized by order of the Ship Command and became the Army Ship Training Center Temporary Field Hospital on August 12, and with the defeat of Japan on August 15, the military wartime system was liberated. On August 25, the nameplate of Hiroshima First Army Hospital Ujina Branch was hung. During this period, the Army Ministry Investigation Team entered the area on August 8, and the 2nd Investigation Team on August 14. Using the Ship Training Department as a base, they were engaged in the investigation of the atomic bombing.

During the Battle of Tarawa in the Pacific War, U.S. Marines burst a flamethrower at Japanese soldiers who had ventured inland. The bodies of the Japanese soldiers were instantly engulfed in flames, and the bodies of the burned to death Japanese soldiers were scattered on the sandy beach.

 　　At the Battle of Tarawa in the Pacific War, the U.S. Marines were the first to deploy flame-throwing tanks. The flamethrower exploded at a Japanese soldier as he darted inland. The Japanese soldiers' bodies were instantly engulfed in flames. The bodies of Japanese soldiers burned to death by the flamethrowers during the Battle of Tarawa were scattered on the sandy beach. On the desolate island, the corpses lay on the beach covered in scorched earth and blood, and the air was filled with coral dust and the stench of death.

　On November 20, 1943, some 35,000 American troops launched an amphibious assault on Betio Island and Makin Atoll in Tarawa Atoll. The Makin Atoll was weakly defended and casualties were low. The fortified and intensive defense of Betio Island was accompanied by 76 hours of disastrous casualties, dubbed the Battle of Tarawa, and on the morning of November 20, following naval bombardment, the U.S. Marines approached the north shore of Betio Island in transport boats. Encountering low tide, they abandoned their landing craft on the reefs surrounding Betio Island. They were forced to walk to the beach under heavy fire from the Japanese. Once on the beach, they struggled to establish a safe landing base beyond the breakwater, and by November 20 they had secured the westernmost tip of Betio Island and the center of the northern shore.

　On November 21, American forces pushed onto the airstrip in the center of Betio Island. The largest securement was achieved on the western shore, and on November 22 the Marines borrowed two Sherman tanks and began an eastward advance. A nest of Japanese machine guns impeded the advance. Continued U.S. incursions from the north and west pushed the remaining Japanese defenders into a small area east of the central airstrip; on the night of November 22, the Japanese rallied for a banzai-style counterattack against the Marines, but the American lines held.

　In the early morning hours of November 23, the Japanese executed their second, third, and fourth banzai assaults. The Marines again pushed the Japanese back. The Japanese banzai assaults were the last organized effort of the Japanese forces. The only remaining Japanese resistance on Betio Island was a small position to the east. The Marines, supported by tanks, aircraft, artillery, and bulldozers, methodically destroyed the Japanese defensive positions. By early afternoon, the Americans had reached the eastern tip of Betio Island and declared it safe. Isolated groups of Japanese troops continued to appear in the weeks following the battle; with the exception of 147 prisoners of war (most of them Korean laborers), the Japanese garrison was wiped out and crippled. The U.S. forces suffered approximately 1,113 killed or missing in action and 2,296 wounded in action.

　Tarawa Atoll, a ring of coral reefs within the Gilbert Islands, an area consisting of many small islands in the southwest Pacific, was fortified in 1943 by about 5,000 Japanese troops who had built a strong fortification on the three-mile-long, 1,000-yard-wide atoll. Betio Island, the largest island in Tarawa Atoll, was home to a Japanese airstrip and was also garrisoned by most of the Japanese forces in the Gilbert Islands; by November 1943, more than 2,500 Japanese soldiers, about 1,000 Japanese construction workers, and 1,200 Korean forced laborers had defended Betio Island. Defensive bunkers and trench nets were placed inside Betio Island.

The graves of prisoners who died at the Nordhausen concentration camp were laid out in two rows on May 3, 1945. The bodies of prisoners killed at the Nordhausen concentration camp were buried in a mass grave dug by civilian Germans on orders from the U.S. Army.

 The graves of prisoners who died at the Nordhausen concentration camp were laid out in two rows on May 3, 1945. On April 10, 1945, a unit of the U.S. First Army entered Nordhausen. The Nordhausen concentration camp was opened by soldiers of the U.S. Army's 1st Third Armored Division and 104th Infantry Division. Hundreds of corpses of former Nazi slave laborers were found. The corpses, reduced to skeletons, were buried by German civilians who were forced to dig graves for mass burials.

　On April 3, Allied bombing targeted Nordhausen. The bombs hit a small camp and killed about 1,500 prisoners of war. The Nordhausen concentration camp, located about 193 kilometers southwest of Berlin, was the Nazis' base for the production of V-missile weapons. on April 4, the Nazis were forced to make the excruciating death march from Dora Mittelbau to Bergen-Belsen and Ravensbruck. on April 7, the Allied First Army began an eastward march toward Leipzig and Dresden and the VII Corps crossed the Weser River as they began their eastward march toward Dresden. With sporadic resistance, the VII Corps moved eastward into the southern Harz Mountains; on April 11, the 104th Infantry Division entered Camp Dora and the 3rd Armored Division entered the Boelke-Kasernet sub-camp. Bodies and the dying were scattered and piled on top of each other. Abandoned by the SS were some 3,000 corpses and about 750 emaciated survivors; on April 12, the announcement of President Roosevelt's death compounded the somber events for the Allied forces.

　The Nordhausen concentration camp was a massive complex of concrete facilities and hangars. There were no sanitary facilities, and prisoners remained in the hangars night and day, without food, until they died. Even those in good health were fast becoming extremely weak. For prisoners who were already exhausted and ill, the brutal living conditions were miserable and indicated immediate death.

At the end of the Pacific War, in the early morning of May 24, midnight of May 25, and on May 29, 1945, the U.S. forces conducted the last air raids on Tokyo. In the Aoyama district of the Tokyo air raid, a large number of burnt corpses were collected. The charred and rigidly dead bodies of Tokyo residents were tagged with tags so that the corpses could be treated.

　 At the end of the Pacific War, in the early morning of May 24, midnight of May 25, and on May 29, 1945, the U.S. military launched its final air raids on Tokyo. Tokyo was blasted into flames at the mercy of the massive influx of U.S. B-29 bombers. In the Aoyama district of Tokyo, a large number of burnt corpses were found. The charred and rigor mortis bodies of Tokyo residents were tagged with tags for subsequent disposal of the corpses. All of the bombs dropped were incendiary devices, with 3,645 tons dropped on May 24 and 3,262 tons on May 25, nearly four times the 1,665 tons dropped on March 10.

　Following the air raid on Tokyo in the early morning hours of May 24, 1945, the U.S. forces left the Japanese breathless as another air raid on Tokyo came in the late evening of May 25, this time by U.S. B-29 bombers. According to the record of the air raid, about two hundred or so U.S. B-29 bombers invaded the Japanese mainland from the southern Pacific Ocean, moving northward along the Izu Islands, and from the Boso Peninsula or Suruga Bay area. The U.S. planes attacked the Keihin area one after the other. The U.S. planes indiscriminately bombed a wide area of the city, including central Tokyo, mainly with incendiary bombs. The Japanese military recorded that the B-29 bombers had fled over the southeast sea by 1:30 a.m. on May 26 as a result of a daring offensive by Japanese air control units against the B-29s.

　The last air raid on Tokyo caused extensive damage in Tokyo's Minami-cho, Shiba, Shibuya, Kyobashi, Akasaka, Meguro, Azabu, Shinagawa, Koishikawa, Katsushika, Ushigome, Shimotani, Setagaya, Asakusa, Ebara, Joto, Mukojima, Fukagawa, Edogawa, Itabashi, Hongo, Adachi, Suginami, Arakawa, Omori, Yodobashi, Nakano, Yotsuya, Kanda, Honbashi, Takinogawa, Oji and Tachikawa cities. and Tachikawa City, as well as in Tama County to the north and south.

　The civilian casualties in Tokyo totaled approximately 882 dead, 4,437 injured, and 29 missing. Approximately 157,039 houses were damaged and 620,000 people were affected. The National Police Agency reported that the morale of Tokyo residents was strong in the earlier Tokyo air raids. The National Police Agency recorded that although the last air raid was vicious and there was still no evidence of any worrisome incidents such as false rumors, there were some signs of unrest in public sentiment due to the successive air raids on Tokyo.

Soldiers of the Wehrmacht's 197th Infantry Division stand beside the bodies of German soldiers killed in the Battle of Moscow in November 1941. In the background, new graves were dug for mass burials.

　　 A soldier of the Wehrmacht's 197th Infantry Division stands beside the bodies of German soldiers killed in action during the Moscow Offensive in November 1941. A surviving German soldier looks around at the scattered bodies of German soldiers killed in action during the Moscow Offensive. In the background of the Wehrmacht soldiers, a new grave was dug for mass burials. To the right, the corner of a stone building of a church could be seen. The distance from this settlement to Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union, was approaching 80 kilometers.

　On the Eastern Front of World War II, the Battle of Moscow began on September 30, 1941 and ended with the Soviet defense on January 7, 1942. The German infantry divisions had only about one-third to one-half of their strength remaining. Serious logistical problems for the Germans prevented the transport of winter clothing and other winter equipment to the front lines.

　The German armored forces launched an offensive on November 15-18, 1941, and the Central Army Group resumed its offensive toward Moscow. The Soviets reinforced the Tenth Army and the First Striking Army, incorporated them into the Western Army, and ordered Commander Zhukov to defend Moscow to the death; on November 24, German armored forces captured Klin and built a bridgehead at the Moscow Canal; on November 26, German armored forces captured Istra, a railroad staging post; on November 30. German armored forces reached Khimki, about 8 km from Moscow. In the south, German armored forces besieged the industrial city of Tula and captured Mikhailov.

　By the end of November, however, the German offensive was frustrated in various parts of the Soviet Union. German armored forces, aiming for Moscow from the south, were unable to capture Tula and continued their invasion bypassing the city. The Germans were prevented from invading by the line of the Oka River, which flows south of Moscow. The German armored forces invaded from the north and took control of Klin, a strategic point in the north, and invaded the city. An attempt to enter Moscow from the north was aborted. On the western front, German armored forces reached the outskirts of Moscow, about 25 km from the Kremlin. The vanguard forces invaded as far as 8 km from Moscow with a view of the Kremlin spire.

　Winter arrived earlier than usual in the Soviet Union, and the German invasion came to a complete halt. Temperatures dropped to about 20 degrees below zero, rendering German combat vehicles and firearms unusable due to the cold weather. The Germans lacked cold-weather equipment for their soldiers and winter oil, and their vehicles and aircraft were unable to operate satisfactorily. A number of German soldiers suffered from frostbite due to the lack of medical supplies. The Soviet army was better equipped for winter protection. The Germans occupied Istra, a key point in the Soviet defense of Moscow, on November 26, but the Soviet air force began heavy bombardment the next day, and air control remained on the Soviet side. German casualties were estimated at approximately 248,000 to 400,000, and Soviet casualties at 650,000 to 1,280,000.

 ドイツ国防軍の第197歩兵師団の兵士は、1941年11月にモスクワ攻防戦で戦死してドイツ軍兵士の死体の傍らに立った。モスクワ攻防戦では、生存したドイツ軍兵士が、戦死したドイツ軍兵士の死体の散乱を見回した。ドイツ国防軍兵士の背景には集団埋葬用の新しい墓が掘られた。右側には教会の石造りの建物の角が見えた。この集落からソ連の首都モスクワまでの距離は約80kmまでに迫っていた。

　第二次世界大戦の東部戦線にてモスクワ攻防戦は1941年9月30日から勃発して1942年1月7日にソ連が防御して終結した。1941年10月下旬までにドイツ軍は消耗しきって、自動車はまだ3分の1しか機能せず、ドイツ軍歩兵師団は約3分の1から半分の戦力しか残存しなかった。ドイツ軍の兵站上の深刻な問題が、防寒着やその他の冬装備の前線への輸送を妨げた。

　1941年11月15日～18日にドイツ装甲軍が攻勢を開始して、中央軍集団はモスクワへの攻勢を再開した。ソ連軍は第10軍と第1打撃軍を増援して西方面軍に編入して、ジューコフ司令官にモスクワの死守を命じた。11月24日にドイツ装甲軍がクリンを攻略し、モスクワ運河に橋頭保を構築した。11月26日にはドイツ装甲軍が鉄道の中継点のイストラを攻略した。11月30日にモスクワから約8kmのヒムキに到達した。南部ではドイツ装甲軍が工業都市トゥーラを包囲してミハイロフを攻略した。

　しかし、11月末には、ソ連の各所でドイツ軍の攻勢が頓挫した。南部からモスクワを目指したドイツ装甲軍はトゥーラを占領できず、迂回して侵攻を継続した。ドイツ軍は、モスクワ南方を流れるオカ川の線で侵攻を阻止された。北方から侵攻したドイツ装甲軍は北部の要衝クリンを制圧して侵攻した。北部からのモスクワ突入は頓挫した。西方正面ではドイツ装甲軍がクレムリンから約25kmの地点のモスクワ郊外にまで達した。前衛部隊はクレムリンの尖塔を眺めるモスクワまで8kmの地点まで侵攻した。

　ソ連には例年よりも早く冬が到来し、ドイツ軍の侵攻は完全に停止した。気温が零下約20度以下にまで下がり、ドイツ軍の戦闘車両や火器は寒冷のため使用不能に陥った。ドイツ軍には兵士の防寒装備も冬季用のオイルも不足して、車両や航空機も満足に動かせない状態となった。医療品の不足から凍傷にかかるドイツ軍兵士が続出した。ソ連軍は、防寒装備はより充実していた。ドイツ軍はソ連のモスクワ防衛の要衝のイストラを11月26日に占領したが、翌日からソ連空軍の猛爆撃が始まり、制空権はソ連側にあった。10月25日のモスクワ空襲を最後に、ドイツ空軍は出撃不能となった。ドイツ軍の死傷者数は約248,000人から約400,000人、ソ連軍は約650,000〜約1,280,000と推定された。

During the Battle of Iwo Jima in the Pacific War, the bodies of slain Japanese soldiers lay in a machine gun position on a sandy plain. There were no shields around them to hide themselves.

　　The Battle of Iwo Jima in the Pacific War broke out on February 19, 1945, with the landing of American troops. Most of the plains of Iwo Jima were soft sandy soil, not suitable for building positions or bunkers. The bodies of slain Japanese soldiers lay in a machine gun position on the plain. There was no shelter around them.

　The Japanese did not have enough materials to build their positions. The soil was not suitable for building caves and tunnels. There were air raids every day, and it was uncertain when they would be completed. Even the Japanese military forces were reinforced only gradually, so their deployment had to be ad hoc. The entire island of Iwo Jima was almost completely flat, making it impossible to establish a base of operations on the terrain. Just before the Americans landed on Iwo Jima, the Japanese Navy's central command ordered the use of Japanese troops to expand the airfield, even though there were no planes to be used, thereby weakening the position even further.

　The Imperial Japanese Navy headquarters questioned the command of Corps Commander Kuribayashi, who was constantly hiding underground, and suggested that an offensive should be launched. However, the reality was that an offensive was impossible without risking self-destruction under the bombardment of the U.S. forces from the sea and the air. What was even more fatal to their defenses was the sheer quantity difference between the U.S. forces and those of the Americans. In the end, there was no room for tactics or countermeasures. In particular, the constant bombardment by dozens of US Navy ships and the bombardment by up to 1,600 US planes a day caused continuous losses to the Japanese. Japanese losses continued to mount.

　On March 17, 1945, Captain Kuribayashi sent a farewell telegram to the Imperial Japanese Army headquarters, and from midnight on March 25 to early morning on March 26, the Ogasawara Corps headquarters launched a suicide assault against the U.S. forces with a banzai attack. At about 5:15 a.m., about 200 to 300 Japanese soldiers invaded from the north. They attacked Hiraiwa Beach and the Marine and Army camps. The U.S. forces suffered 53 killed in action and 119 wounded in action. The Japanese forces lost 96 men killed in action. Japanese casualties in the Battle of Iwo Jima were three times the number of American casualties, but the total number of American casualties in the Pacific War exceeded that of the Japanese. Of the approximately 20,933 Japanese soldiers, about 95%, or 19,900, were killed or missing in action. The U.S. forces suffered a total of 28,686 casualties, including 6,821 killed in action and 21,865 wounded in battle. 

On November 22, 2023, more than 100 bodies of Palestinians killed in Israeli air and fire attacks were transported from al-Shifa Hospital in the Gaza Strip to Khan Younis in the southern Gaza Strip and subsequently buried in a mass grave.

On November 22, 2023, more than 100 bodies of Palestinians killed in Israeli air and fire attacks were transported from al-Shifa Hospital in the Gaza Strip to Khan Younis in the southern Gaza Strip and subsequently buried in a mass grave. According to the Gaza Strip Authority, at least 20,424 Palestinians have been killed in Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip since October 7, 2023, when the Israel-Hamas war broke out, through November 22.

　At a cemetery in Khan Younis in the southern Gaza Strip, dozens of unidentified bodies were buried in a mass grave on November 22. The bodies, wrapped in blue sheets, were placed on stretchers. Some of them, stained with blood, were lowered into a hole in the sand that was gradually enlarged by an excavator. Some of the bodies were as big as children. The Emergency Committee of the Ministry of Religious Affairs said, "We dug a mass grave for the burials of the unknown martyrs because they had no one to say goodbye to them." He said. The bodies were brought from the Indonesian Hospital and Al-Shifa Hospital in the northern Gaza Strip. The Indonesian hospital, located on the edge of the Jabalia refugee camp, was bombed by Israeli forces on November 20. A wounded Palestinian died before my eyes, bleeding. The hospital was filled with the smell of death. The wounded cried out for painkillers, but there was no medicine to give. There is a shortage of body bags.

　The situation was similar at al-Shifa Hospital, the largest hospital in the Gaza Strip city. Al-Shifa Hospital also had about 179 bodies buried in a mass grave in the complex on November 14. This included seven premature babies who died due to incubators that failed to provide electricity; the bodies arrived in Khan Yunis on November 22 and were detained by Israeli forces before the bodies were released at the request of third countries and the UN. Thousands of deaths in the Gaza Strip and the issue of burial shocked many Gaza civilians. Since the beginning of the war, the war dead have been hastily buried on private property and even on soccer fields.

The bodies of Palestinians killed in Israeli strikes are buried in a mass grave after they were transported from al-Shifa Hospital to Khan Younis in the southern Gaza Strip on November 22, 2023. The Government Media Office in Gaza says that at least 20,424 Palestinians have been killed in the Israeli offensive in Gaza since October 7. [Mohammed Salem/Reuters]

At the Japanese Red Cross Hiroshima Hospital, in early October 1945, A-bomb survivor Toshiko Sasaki was treated for burns to the skin on her lower left leg at the Hiroshima Hospital of the Japanese Red Cross Society. The house had collapsed, and she suffered multiple wounds to her tibia, skull cracks, and soft tissues, especially in her left lower leg knee area, which was compressed by the beam material.

   At the Japanese Red Cross Hiroshima Hospital, Toshiko Sasaki, an atomic bomb survivor, was treated for burnt skin on her lower left leg around early October 1945 at the Japanese Red Cross Hiroshima Hospital. Toshiko Sasaki was exposed to the Hiroshima atomic bomb and received her injuries at Toyo Steel, 105 Tenma-cho, Hiroshima City. She was sitting on a chair at work when she saw the glow of the Hiroshima atomic bomb and sat down to sit down. The house collapsed, and he was compressed by a beam, especially in the knee area of the left lower limb, resulting in multiple wounds to the tibia, cracks in the skull, and soft tissues. She was admitted to Hiroshima Hospital of the Japanese Red Cross Society. There was no nerve damage, and automatic motion of the left thumb was possible, but severe contracture of the knee joint was observed. He was in passive position of the left lower limb due to pain during exercise. Blood test at the Japanese Red Cross Hospital showed that his white blood cell count was 6200.

　The Japanese Red Cross Hiroshima Hospital, which became the Hiroshima Army Hospital Red Cross Hospital during the war, was located in Sendamachi 1-chome, Naka-ku, Hiroshima City, 1.6 km south of the hypocenter. All wooden buildings on the site collapsed and were soon destroyed by fire. The main building, a three-story reinforced concrete structure, escaped destruction by fire. Steel window frames were destroyed and glass shattered into pieces. The interior of the building was also destroyed, with ceilings falling, walls crumbling, and chairs and desks toppling over, making it difficult to set foot inside.

　Shunkichi Kikuchi took photographs of A-bomb survivors. He graduated from the Oriental School of Photography in 1938 and joined Tokyo Kogeisha, and in 1941 joined the photography department of Tohosha. In October 1945, about two months after the atomic bombing, photographer Shunkichi Kikuchi accompanied an A-bomb documentary film accompanying a survey of the damage by experts and photographed a number of A-bomb survivors in Hiroshima City In September 1945, he accompanied a survey team organized by the Academic Research Council of the Ministry of Education to photograph the A-bombed city of Hiroshima. From October 1 to 20, 1945, he accompanied the documentary film production team of the Special Committee for Investigation and Research on the Atomic Bombing Disaster organized by the former Ministry of Education to take still photographs.

On November 11, 1956, the Hungarian uprising was suppressed in the capital city of Budapest by the invading Soviet occupation forces. The streets of Budapest were littered with the corpses of murdered rebel Budapest citizens and Soviet soldiers.

   On November 11, 1956, the Hungarian uprising was suppressed in the capital city of Budapest by the invading Soviet occupation forces of General Secretary Kinita Khrushchev. The streets of Budapest were littered with the corpses of murdered rebel Budapest citizens and Soviet soldiers. The citizens of Budapest were unnerved and looked around at the cruelty of the situation.

　On October 23, 1956, citizens in the capital Budapest staged a massive peaceful demonstration demanding democratic reforms. The demonstrators visited a Budapest radio station and demanded that their demands be made public. The Hungarian regime ordered the army to open fire on the crowd. Hungarian soldiers handed rifles to the demonstrators, who were able to occupy the building, setting off the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. The demonstrators demanded that Imre Nadji be appointed Prime Minister of Hungary. The Central Committee of the Hungarian Workers' and People's Party approved it that same night, sparking an uprising of anti-Soviet rebellion that lasted from October 23 to November 11. Naji declared that Hungary would withdraw from the Warsaw Pact and become a neutral country. Shortly thereafter, Soviet tanks and troops invaded Hungary and crushed the uprising. The fighting continued until November 11, resulting in the deaths of approximately 2,500 more people.

　The Hungarian uprising broke out on October 23, 1956, and the uprising lasted about 12 days before it was crushed by Soviet tanks and troops on November 4, 1956. Thousands were killed and wounded, and nearly 250,000 Hungarians fled the country. The suppression of the Hungarian uprising killed about 2,500 Hungarians and about 700 Soviet soldiers and caused about 200,000 Hungarians to flee abroad. 3:00 a.m. on November 4, Soviet tanks entered the city of Budapest along the Pest side of the Danube River. About 15,000 resistance fighters fought in Budapest, with the heaviest fighting occurring in Zepel, a workers' stronghold along the Danube. Many of the insurgents were armed, with weapons provided primarily by the Hungarian army, which took the side of the insurgents. Soviet troops were also attacked in civilian neighborhoods and fired indiscriminately. Budapest bore the brunt of the bloodshed, with approximately 1,569 civilians killed. About 53% of the dead were laborers, all under the age of 30. On the Soviet side, about 699 were killed, 1,450 were wounded, and 51 were missing. After the Red Army took Hungary from Nazi Germany on April 4, 1945, the Soviet military occupation continued until 1991. 1949, Hungary became a Communist People's Republic. The new Communist government saw buildings like Budapest Castle as symbols of the old regime, and in the 1950s the palace was demolished and its entire interior destroyed.

During the First Bataan Offensive from January 7 to February 8, 1942, Japanese soldiers were killed one after another on the front lines of the Bataan Peninsula under fire from American and Philippine forces, and about 2,000 were killed or wounded in about two weeks after the offensive began.

　　Shortly after the outbreak of the Pacific War, from December 22, 1941 to May 8, 1942, the Battle of the Philippines broke out. during the First Bataan Offensive from January 7 to February 8, 1942, Japanese soldiers slowly invaded using little cover under fire from the American and Philippine forces The Japanese soldiers were able to use only a small amount of cover to invade the Philippines. On the front lines of the Bataan Peninsula during the First Battle of Bataan, Japanese soldiers were killed one after another, and about 2,000 were killed or wounded in the first two weeks of the invasion.

　　The Japanese 14th Army landed in the capital city of Manila, which had been an unarmed city, from Lingayen Gulf on December 22, 1941, and from Ramon Gulf on December 24, 1941, capturing the capital on January 2, 1942, about 10 days later. Air raids by Japanese Army and Navy air forces conducted simultaneously with the outbreak of war almost completely wiped out the Philippine Air Force, Manila was declared a demilitarized city, and the Japanese forces occupied the city bloodlessly, with little large-scale fighting taking place.

　  American and Filipino troops had retreated to the Bataan Peninsula, which formed Manila Bay. The Japanese estimated their numbers to be about 30,000 men, an army that had fled into the jungles of the Bataan Peninsula without a fight. The strongest units of the Japanese 14th Army had been pulled back immediately after the capture of Manila to capture Dutch territory, now Indonesia.

　In the First Battle of Bataan, about 7,000 men of the Japanese Army's Security Guard Unit and 65th Brigade, which had little experience in jungle combat, pursued the American and Filipino troops who had retreated to the Bataan Peninsula. The Bataan Peninsula was about 50 km long and 30 km wide, mostly covered with mountains and jungle. The 65th Brigade of the Japanese Army dispersed and split into the jungle. The Japanese forces had no proper maps and had difficulty in exploring the jungle, which was nearly unexplored by humans. When the Japanese forces assaulted the defensive line based on the Natib Mountains at an elevation of about 1,000 meters, they came under heavy fire from the U.S. and Philippine forces. On the front lines of the Bataan Peninsula, Japanese soldiers were killed one after another, and about 2,000 were killed or wounded in the first two weeks of the attack. The 65th Brigade originally had no artillery for combat and charged into the jungle equipped only with rifles.

　　About a year before the outbreak of the Pacific War, the U.S. and Philippine forces had been conducting a series of exercises on the Bataan Peninsula, a natural fortress covered with mountains and jungle, to build a strong three-tiered defensive line to intercept the Japanese forces. At the outbreak of the Pacific War, they rapidly transported weapons, bombs, oil, food, and other supplies in quantities sufficient to withstand a six-month offensive. At the end of the Bataan Peninsula was the Corregidor Island, a large fortress, and nearby was the Freire Island fortress, the "Gunkanjima" of commerce.

　　The Japanese, who had already suffered heavy casualties, discovered in mid-February 1945 a detailed map of the Bataan Peninsula fortifications that had survived in a warehouse in Manila. Already at that time, the 65th Brigade had lost about two-thirds of its forces in the attack on Mount Samat on the 2nd Frontier. On February 8, the attack was halted, and the first Japanese offensive on Bataan was suspended.

On November 17, 1943, in Stanyslaviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, a city in western Ukraine, German military police surrounded a theater and searched students and citizens, finding pistols on about 38 people. Immediately, the German military police shot them dead in front of their acquaintances and friends in the vicinity of the theater.

 　On November 17, 1943, in Stanislaviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, a city in western Ukraine, German military police surrounded a theater and searched students and citizens in the theater, finding pistols in about 38 of them. Immediately, the German military police shot them dead in front of their acquaintances and friends in the vicinity of the theater. Across the street from the theater congregation, about 27 members of the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) were shot dead in a public execution in front of the walls of the synagogue's meeting hall.

 On the Eastern Front of World War II, the German surprise invasion of the Soviet Union began on June 22, 1941. The Germans moved quickly, and by the end of November, they had almost all of Ukraine under their control. Initially, the Germans were greeted as liberators by some Ukrainian residents. When the Germans invaded Lviv on June 30, the young radical members of the OUN-B who accompanied them declared the establishment of a provisional Ukrainian state on June 30. In August, the Nazis annexed Galicia to Poland, returned Bukovina to Romania, and gave Romania control of Transnistria, with Odessa as its capital; in the fall of 1941, the mass murder of Jews began and continued until 1944. Approximately 1.5 million Ukrainian Jews died, and more than 800,000 were displaced to the east. In Kiev's Babyn Yar, nearly 34,000 people were killed in a two-day massacre; from early 1942, in Volhynia and later in Galicia, on October 14, 1942, the OUN-B was joined by the Ukrainian Insurgents (UPA: Ukrainska Povstanska (Armiia), a nationalist partisan unit formed by the OUN-B, which pledged to cooperate closely with the Germans.

　After the victory over the Germans at the Battle of Stalingrad in early 1943, the Soviets launched a counteroffensive to the west; in mid-1943, the Germans began a slow retreat from Ukraine, leaving behind massive destruction; in spring 1944, the Red Army began its advance into Galicia, and by late October, all of Ukraine was again under Soviet control. The human and material losses suffered by Ukraine during World War II were enormous. In 1945, Ukraine joined the United Nations.

The U.S. military bombed the city of Tokyo on March 4, 1945. Female rescue workers wearing air-raid hoods carried the corpses of Tokyo air raid victims.

　　The U.S. military bombed the city of Tokyo on March 4, 1945. The bodies of the victims of the Tokyo air raid were carried by female relief workers wearing air-raid hoods. The heavy bodies were carried on stretchers, which were difficult for the women to carry. 159 B-29s bombed the Tokyo city center extensively on March 4, killing about 650 people. The Cabinet decision on March 3, 1944, "Outline for Promoting General Evacuation," as well as other cabinet decisions and notices, continued to restrict the evacuation of all but school children. We will defend our posts at the cost of our lives." In November 1941, the Air Defense Law was amended to prohibit evacuation in the event of an air raid and to require citizens to extinguish fires.

　The first full-scale air raid on Tokyo by B-29 bombers began on November 24, 1944, and the raids prior to the Tokyo Air Raid of March 10, 1945 were strategic bombing raids that focused on airplane factories and industrial cities. The U.S. forces bombed from high altitudes, mostly during the daytime. In the case of Tokyo, precision bombing was carried out with the primary target being the Nakajima Aircraft Musashi Works, an aircraft factory. On November 27, they did not bomb Nakajima Aircraft at all, but raided Harajuku and other areas in Shibuya Ward. On January 27, 1945, downtown Ginza and Yurakucho were bombed, killing about 530 people. 119 B-29s bombed the downtown area, killing about 160 more in the wards. On February 25, unable to bomb the Nakajima planes before they left their base in Marianas, the primary target was switched to downtown Tokyo, where 172 B-29s, with bombs switched to incendiary bombs, raided the city. On March 4, another 159 B-29s bombed a wide area of Tokyo's wards, killing about 650 people.

　Full-scale air raids on Tokyo were classified after a major air raid on downtown from March 10, 1945. air raids after March 10 resulted in a huge number of deaths and countless piles of corpses. The bodies were cleared away with the same rough treatment as that used to dispose of corpses at the front lines, known as "battlefield sweeping." Since normal burials were not possible, temporary burials were made by digging holes in parks and temple grounds to bury the bodies. The body count was about 94,800 in the air raids from March to May 1945.

Thousands gathered in front of Waco City Hall on May 15, 1916, to watch the torture and lynching by fire of Jesse Washington, who was convicted a few days after the murder of Lucy Fryer, the white wife of a nearby farmer.

　　On May 15, 1916, thousands gathered in front of Waco City Hall to watch the torture and burning lynching of convicted murderer Jesse Washington, just days after the murder of Lucy Fryer, the white wife of a nearby farmer. Photographs of the lynching led to widespread condemnation of the event as a "Waco horror." The incident marked a turning point in the national anti-lynching movement and brought the nation's oldest civil rights organization, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which was formed in 1909, into the limelight. It was estimated that as many as 15,000 to 20,000 white crowds were present at Jesse Washington's lynching. They screamed and cheered as they watched Jesse Washington stabbed, beaten, and eventually burned to death.

　

Around dusk on May 8, 1916, Lucy Fryer, the white wife of a cotton farmer near Robinson, was found clubbed to death lying in the doorway of the farm's seed shed. At the grisly scene, which also showed signs of sexual assault, authorities determined that a blunt instrument was used as the murder weapon. Jesse Washington, a young black man who could not read or write, had been working with his brother as a hired hand for the Fryer family for several months.

　Washington was wearing a bloody undershirt and pants; by the evening of May 8, Washington was arrested. Following his arrest, Washington was transferred to the Hillsboro Jail. McLennan County Sheriff Samuel Fleming ruled Washington a suspect after hearing rumors of mob violence. In an initial interview, Washington denied all involvement, saying, "I didn't do it. "Torture through the early morning hours of May 9 eventually led to Washington's confession that he raped and killed Lucy Fryer in the early morning hours of May 9.

　Only a week after Lucy Fryer's murder, Jesse Washington's trial began in a packed courtroom in the McLennan County Courthouse with Judge Richard Munroe presiding. Jury selection and preliminary proceedings were swift, and the prosecution's arguments included testimony from the medical examiner, sheriff's deputies, and investigators. Before the trial began, someone attempted to kill Washington inside the courthouse and was eventually subdued. The defendants stated that only Washington himself was on the stand and had nothing further to add. After an estimated four minutes of deliberation, the all-white jury returned a guilty verdict.

　On May 15, after the verdict, the courtroom was violently shaken, and a group of rioters seized Washington and quickly exited the courtroom. As Washington and his captors emerged onto the back steps of the courthouse, they were greeted by the mob that had gathered in downtown Waco for the trial. There were shouts and cheers and screams of "Get him, get him!" Chains were placed around Washington's neck and he was dragged to a place just outside City Hall where they were gathering to cremate him. As the crowd surged in, they tried to attack Washington, tearing off his clothes, stabbing him with knives, and beating him with bricks, clubs, and shovels; for an hour the chains dragging Washington were thrown over a tree, and coal oil was poured over his body as it was raised and lowered into the flames. As Washington's body burned, his body was further dismembered. By mid-afternoon, there was little left of Washington's body but his charred skull and torso. That afternoon, officials took his remains and buried them in an unmarked pauper's cemetery. News of the lynching of Jesse Washington spread throughout the state and around the world.