30 men of the 223rd Infantry Regiment of the Japanese Army, organized in Akita Prefecture on the Japanese mainland, committed harakiri and mass suicide in the trenches of Pegun Island, where American troops landed on January 15, 1944.

　　About 30 men of the 223rd Infantry Regiment of the Japanese Army, organized in Akita Prefecture, committed seppuku and committed mass suicide in a trench on Pegun Island, where American troops landed on January 15, 1944. The seppuku victims were interceded with Japanese swords and beheaded, their heads severed and scattered in a pool of blood.

　In the Pacific War, on November 15, 1944, American forces landed on Pegan Island in the Mapia Islands. U.S. B-25 fighter planes bombed Pegan Island with a relentless and relentless fury, uprooting and shaking the island. Japanese soldiers died one after another, suffering heavy casualties, and were evacuated to the north of Pegan Island. Some Japanese soldiers on Pegan Island retreated across the coral reef to Bras Island to the north.

　Meanwhile, dozens of Japanese soldiers whose retreat route to Bras Island was blocked were decimated and overrun by American tanks. Not a single Japanese soldier's face was recognizable among the dead. On November 15, about 30 surviving members of the 223rd Infantry Regiment committed suicide by grenades and seppuku in a scattering shelter, and on November 15, they committed mass suicide by explosives and seppuku at the edge of the jungle. U.S. forces took control of Pegan Island on November 15. According to the U.S. Army's official war records, the total number of Japanese soldiers killed in the Mapia Islands was 151. The 223rd Infantry Regiment of the Japanese Army, organized in Akita Prefecture, was wiped out and crushed. Japanese soldiers who were not killed fled into the jungle, where most died of starvation.

　 The Mapia Islands are a group of small, flat coral reef islands only 1 m above sea level, about 190 km north of Western New Guinea. The most southerly island was Pegun Island, a long, narrow island about 4.2 km long and 400 m wide. The Japanese military called it Pegun Island. Gyokusai in the Pacific War, despite the peculiar tactical situation caused by mostly failed strategies, dispelled the negative image of Gyokusai and brought to light the heroic heroes who scattered heroically. Gyokusai became a convenient term for Japanese military leaders to use, masking the failures of the planners and commanders of the campaign. Soon, gyokusai became an alternative term for annihilation.

In the Battle of Berlin on the Eastern Front at the end of World War II, Soviet Red Army T-34 tanks invaded Berlin on April 26, 1945, passing by dead German soldiers and ruined German defensive positions.

   In the Battle of Berlin on the Eastern Front at the end of World War II, Soviet Red Army T-34 tanks invaded Berlin on April 26, 1945, passing by dead German soldiers and ruined German defensive positions. In the spring of 1945, after the Soviet Red Army had broken through the Zerow Heights, Soviet tanks lined the roads on their way to Berlin endlessly. Neither the weakened German Luftwaffe nor the hastily formed German National Assault Battalion could stop the advancing Soviet forces.

　In the Berlin area, Soviet forces engaged in fierce battles with stubbornly resisting German forces. The German military command threw all available forces into the battle in an attempt to block the advance of the Soviet forces. Military schools in Berlin stopped classes, and cadets and cadets from the schools were sent to the front lines. In Berlin, Hitler declared total war mobilization from the ages of 15 to 65.

　Soviet Red Army infantry pounded the Germans out of fortified buildings, and artillery fire destroyed stone and brick barricades built in the streets of Berlin's suburbs. On April 22, the first day of the Berlin invasion, up to 8,000 German soldiers were killed, 47 tanks and self-propelled artillery pieces and more than 150 field guns and mortars were destroyed. The fighting in the Berlin sector continued day and night, never ceasing for an hour.

　The Germans rallied tens of thousands of fighters to halt the Soviet advance. The Germans did not stand a chance against the Soviet Red Army force of more than about 2 million men, reinforced by about 6,000 tanks and self-propelled artillery, 8,000 fighter planes, and about 41,000 mortars and artillery pieces. The Soviet offensive on Berlin broke out on April 23, 1945; by April 29, Soviet forces had cut through the German army and reached the heart of the capital, Berlin; on May 1, Soviet troops attacked the German Bundestag building and raised the famous victory flag on its roof; on May 2, the remaining German troops in the city of Berlin garrison surrendered to the Soviets.

Local residents identify themselves among the bodies scattered after they were killed in a Russian missile attack in Hroza, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine, on October 5, 023. A Russian missile attack on a memorial café in Hroza killed 51 people.

Local residents identify themselves among the bodies scattered after they were killed in a Russian missile attack in Hroza, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine, on October 5, 2023. A Russian missile attack on a memorial café in Hroza killed 51 people.

　A Russian military missile struck a cafe and grocery store in the northeastern Ukrainian village of Hroza, reducing the building to rubble and killing 51 people during a memorial service on the afternoon of October 5, 2023, where bricks, shattered metal, and building materials piled up at the site of the attack on the cafe and grocery store in Hroza village, Kharkov Oblast ... The missile attack caused the most extensive damage in Kharkov Oblast since the Russian invasion. It was one of the largest civilian casualties in a single attack by Russian forces. It was occupied by Russian forces in the early stages of the invasion, but was recaptured by Ukrainian forces in September 2022. Before the Russians launched their invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, about 330 people lived in the settlement of Hiroza, compared to about 500 in Hiroza, and one-fifth of the village of Hiroza was killed in a single missile strike.

　Families remained in Hiroza under evacuation orders during the Russian invasion, and children were among the victims. Hroza is located about 30 km west of Kupiansk, which was recaptured by Ukrainian forces at the end of 2022, and is quite close to the front lines of the war. Paramedics made their way through piles of rubble and scattered bodies side by side in a field adjacent to a children's playground. Some were carried away in white body bags. Some bodies were barely covered by carpets and other materials, with hands sticking out awkwardly. The emergency services public information office announced that the search for survivors was over and that the death toll was 51 dead, 6 injured, and 3 missing. Among the dead was a six-year-old boy. The son of a soldier (also a soldier), who was being buried, was also killed in the attack, along with his son's wife and mother.

　At the time the missile fell and exploded, about 60 of the local Hiroza residents were eating at a memorial service followed by a service for the fallen soldiers. The attack was targeted by a Russian Iskander ballistic missile. Russian military officials did not immediately comment on the Froza missile attack, denying any intentional killing of civilians. Many were killed in Russian military attacks on residential areas and energy, defense, port, grain, and other facilities in Ukraine.

Warning: A local resident tries to identify bodies in Hroza, in Kharkiv region, Ukraine October 5 2023. Picture: SOFIA GATILOVA/REUTERS

These keloids cover the backs of Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors taken between 1945 and 1950. The burns and wounds of atomic bomb survivors resulted in thickened scars and tumors called keloids.

　Keloids covered the backs of Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. Keloids are dense fibrous growths that grow over scar tissue; these keloids covered the backs of Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors taken between 1945 and 1950 (date, time, and location unknown).

　 Tumors, called keloids, developed from the burns and wounds of atomic bomb survivors due to the thickening of scars. Keloids occurred in approximately 50-60% of those exposed to heat radiation within 2 km of the hypocenter. Keloids are related to radiation. Keloids left permanent scars on the victims' minds and bodies. Those with keloids, especially on their faces, suffered even more emotionally, while those with keloids on their backs and shoulders were hesitant to show their skin.

　　Keloids are irregular, abnormally protruding scar tissue formed during the healing process of burned skin of A-bomb survivors. The name comes from the fact that the scars look like the shell or legs of a crab. Most commonly seen in survivors within about 2 km of the hypocenter, keloids formed four months after exposure and became most prominent six to 14 months thereafter. Most scars shrank and healed after about two years.

　At 11:02 a.m. on August 9, 1945, in the waning days of the Pacific War, Fat Man, an approximately 21-kiloton detonation-type atomic bomb with plutonium as its core, exploded about 500 meters above Nagasaki. An estimated 70,000 Nagasaki citizens were killed and some 60,000 injured. The bomb exploded over Nagasaki City, an industrial city in the densely populated western part of Kyushu. The surrounding hills prevented the devastating effects of the atomic bomb from spreading over Nagasaki City. On the contrary, they concentrated the destructive power of the atomic bomb, making it more intense in the areas closest to the hypocenter. The Nagasaki atomic bomb obliterated hospitals and medical schools located within approximately 914 meters of the hypocenter. People within a radius of 1.5 km from the hypocenter disappeared in an instant. 

During the Battle of Peleliu Island in the Pacific War, American forces attacked a Japanese Type 95 light tank with a flamethrower. It was damaged, and the crew was burned to death and scattered around the area. An American soldier performed an autopsy on the charred corpse of a Japanese soldier.

　　During the Battle of Peleliu Island in the Pacific War (September 15-November 27, 1944), American forces attacked a Japanese Type 95 light tank with a flamethrower. The Japanese Type 95 tank was damaged, and the bodies of its crew, burned to death by the flamethrower, were scattered around the tank. An American soldier autopsied a charred Japanese soldier's body from the side of the tank.

　The Japanese turned to tactics that would delay the Americans and inflict maximum casualties and damage. Utilizing and camouflaging the natural terrain, heavily fortified positions were built on reverse slopes and masked terrain that favored the defending Japanese forces. The battle over the Japanese fortifications, bunkers, and tunnel complexes epitomized the Battle of Peleliu Island. The Americans, in a siege situation, isolated nearly all of their strongpoints from adjacent positions and destroyed them in hand-to-hand combat, using flamethrowers and satchel-charged explosives. Peleliu Island, which the U.S. forces recaptured at great cost, did not play a significant role in the final years of the Pacific War.

　American flamethrower units primarily used flame tractors to neutralize Japanese caves, pillboxes, and dugouts on Peleliu Island and to burn those hiding from the battlefield. Japanese soldiers hiding in defended positions were often caught by arching streams of burning, thick fuel rods that struck the reverse slope. The flamethrowers moved ahead of the tanks, even ahead of the infantry, and when they reached the hill and the attack slowed, the tanks and infantry supported the flamethrowers. High-pressure hoses were used to carry the flames to targets out of range of the flamethrowers. Flamethrowers newly fitted with high-pressure hoses achieved a range of about 55 meters and were all used in the subsequent Battle of Okinawa.

  In the Battle of Peleliu Island, U.S. military casualties included approximately 1,336 Marines killed in action, 5,450 wounded in action, and 1,393 dead of the 81st Infantry Division (of which approximately 208 were killed in action). An estimated 10,695 Japanese casualties were killed in action, and another 301 were taken prisoner of war.

On the Eastern Front of World War II, Soviet troops defended Brest Forest against German forces from June 22, 1941, the first day of Operation Barbarossa. Soviet soldiers were killed by the Germans and their bodies were scattered in the ruins, lying next to machine guns.

    On the Eastern Front of World War II, Soviet troops defended the Brest Fortress against German forces from June 22, 1941, the first day of Operation Barbarossa. In the ruins of Bucharest Fortress, Soviet soldiers were killed by the Germans, lying next to their machine guns, their bodies strewn about.

　The Brest Fortress, located on the western border of Soviet Belarus, was the second day of the German invasion of Poland, and on September 2, 1939, the Brest Fortress was bombed for the first time. The fighting over the Bucharest fortress lasted from September 14 to September 17, when the Germans crushed and occupied the Polish garrison. Under a secret protocol of the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, the Brest Fortress was ceded to the Soviet Union.

　From June 22, 1941, the Germans suddenly invaded the western part of the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa, a surprise attack. On the first day of Operation Barbarossa, the Battle of Fortress Brest broke out: at 04:15 on June 22, the Wehrmacht attacked Fortress Brest without warning. After a strong German artillery barrage, the assault was launched. Fortress Brest was turned into a sea of fire. Everything around it was ablaze and rumbling. In the Soviet barracks, holes were torn in the ceilings, parts of the walls were peeling away, and casualties had already been suffered. 9:00 a.m. on June 22, the Germans completely surrounded the fortress. The Soviets held out until June 26, when German civil engineers blew up several fortifications, finally crushing Soviet resistance. No organized Soviet military units remained inside Fortress Brest on June 30.

　The Germans estimated that more than 7,000 Red Army soldiers were captured and about 2,000 killed in the attack on Fort Brest, with only a handful escaping from the fortress. More than 500 Wehrmacht troops were killed and about 700 wounded; on August 26, Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini visited the fortress. Soviet propaganda made the battle last until July 20, a story that no Soviet soldier surrendered to the Germans, a testament to the resilience and courage of the Red Army and the Soviet people.

During the Battle of Bougainville in the Pacific War, a Japanese soldier was killed by American troops while holding a gas mask. The bodies of the slain Japanese soldiers fell and were scattered in the jungle.

  During the Battle of Bougainville in the Pacific War, a Japanese soldier was killed by American troops while holding a gas mask. The bodies of the slain Japanese soldiers lay scattered in the jungle.

  The Battle of Bougainville Island between Allied and Japanese forces broke out on November 1, 1943, and ended on August 21, 1945. Bougainville Island is the largest island in the Solomon Islands at about 10,000 square kilometers. The Japanese forces established the headquarters of the Seventeenth Army, which withdrew from Guadalcanal Island. Its troops included the 6th Division, the 17th Infantry Corps, and the 4th South Sea Garrison, which was eventually garrisoned by about 60,000 to 80,000 men.   

　On October 27, 1943, New Zealand troops landed on Mono Island (Treasury Island) and mopped up about 200 Japanese naval land forces; on October 27, American troops landed on Choiseul Island and, after a battle with about 1,000-plus Japanese garrison troops on the island, withdrew on November 4; on November 1, Allied On November 1, the 3rd Marine Division of the Allied Forces landed from Tarokina Beach on Bougainville Island. The Japanese naval air force at Rabaul launched a sortie and attacked American warships near Tarokina beach in the Battle of Bougainville Island. The Japanese 23rd Infantry Regiment, stationed at Mosigeta, closest to the landing point, invaded Tarokina Beach with about 2,200 men, and fighting broke out on November 8. Encountering the firepower of the U.S. forces, which had a disparity of about 150 to 1, the commander of the Japanese regiment, Toshiaki Hamanoue, who judged that it would be more like a massacre than a battle, retreated on his own initiative.

   After the 23rd Infantry Regiment of the Japanese Army had withdrawn from the offensive against the landing forces on the Tarokina coast, the Japanese Army's 17th Army concentrated its forces and prepared to resume the offensive. Just then, the Japanese Army's Eighth Area Army on Rabaul was instructed by the Imperial Japanese Army headquarters to postpone the offensive. Although the Imperial Japanese Army and the Navy hoped for an early attack, the Eighth Area Army pushed through with the postponement, saying that unless the attack concentrated sufficient forces, it would be ineffective under the current circumstances in which the Allied Forces held both air and sea control. The commander of the Japanese 23rd Regiment, which withdrew on the third day of the attack, was wounded and removed from his post. At one point, there was a strong opinion in the 8th Area Army that the commander of the 23rd Regiment should be court-martialed for fleeing before the enemy. If they stayed and continued the attack, they were expected to be crushed to pieces and wiped out early, so it was natural for the Japanese to temporarily halt the offensive of the area forces.

  The 6th Division of the Japanese Army was located more than a hundred kilometers from the Buin area, while the 45th Regiment, which was one wing of the Japanese Army, was positioned on the opposite side, in Kieta, on the opposite side of the Tarokina coast in the jungle-covered mountains. On March 8, 1944, the Seventeenth Army launched a general offensive. The invasion took a long time, cutting through steep jungle. The opposing Allied forces numbered about 62,000 in the Fourteenth Army, of which the first line consisted of the 3rd Marine Division and the Americal Division, totaling about 27,000 men. The Japanese forces fought valiantly to defend themselves under constant bombardment, but were forced to withdraw at the end of March 1944. The casualties of the Battle of Bougainville Island ranged from 20,000 to 30,000 Japanese, most of whom died of starvation or disease, while approximately 1,243 Americans were killed in action. The Japanese forces were without food, arms, or ammunition for about two years until the end of the war, and many of their troops, abandoned by their country, were wiped out.

During the Great Famine of 1922 in the city of Samara in the Volga region of Russia, a Russian collected the corpses of starving and starving peasants and transported them by cart to the mass grave in Salama.

    During the great famine in Samara, Volga region, Russia, in 1922, Russians collected the corpses of starving and starving peasants and transported them by cart to the mass grave in Salama. The problems of the Russian peasantry were exacerbated by the collapse of order caused by World War I and the Russian Civil War, which led to an increase in the number of deaths from starvation.

　The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, reduced the power of the peasantry by depriving them of food; the Great Russian Famine, which lasted from 1921 to 1922, killed some 5 million more people. The economic crisis caused by World War I, the Russian Civil War that lasted for five years, and the drought of 1921 resulted in the Great Famine, which malnourished about 30 million Russians. The worst affected area was the city of Samara, at the confluence of the Volga and Samara rivers in southeastern Russia. Lenin died in 1924, shortly after the famine, and Joseph Stalin later became leader of the Soviet Union. in the 1920s, the Russian famine starved some 25 million people in the vast Russian Volga and Urals river basins. in the 1930s, Stalin's campaign to collectivize agriculture and eradicate rich farmers, Great famines (khorodomor) occurred from Ukraine to all parts of the Soviet Union.

　The city of Samara, in particular, was one of the hardest hit areas by the Russian Civil War, which ordered the confiscation of food from peasant farms to supply food to the Red Army units that were advancing war communism, worsening the plight of the people. Furthermore, Samara's average May rainfall of 38.8 meters fell in 1921 with only 0.3 meters, followed by a deep frost that left millions facing starvation. Samara citizens were forced to eat grass, dirt, dogs, cats, and leather harnesses. Starvation was so widespread that people began ingesting unimaginable amounts of human flesh to survive.

   Frittjof Nansen, a Swedish-born Arctic explorer, devised the Nansen Passport for Russian refugees who had no identity or nationality papers. The stateless person's identity card was recognized by more than 50 foreign governments, allowing Russian refugees to cross the border legally. The initial Russian refugee status was extended to other refugees; in November 1922, Nansen was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 1922.

Palestinians gather around the body of a Palestinian killed in an airstrike on the Al-Ahli Arab Hospital in central Gaza after the body was taken to Shifa Hospital.

       Palestinians gathered around the body of a Palestinian killed in an airstrike on al-Ahli Arab (al-Ahli Arab) hospital in central Gaza after the body was taken to Shifa (Shifa) hospital. Medical personnel and civilians collected the body in white bags and blankets. The hospital's courtyard was littered with blood stains and several torched cars. Tens of thousands of Palestinian families rushed to the devastated hospital in the Gaza Strip to take refuge from the seemingly endless Israeli bombardment.

　 Palestinian Gaza authorities said hundreds of people were killed in an air raid on the Al-Ahli Arab Hospital in the Gaza Strip on October 17, 2023. The Gaza Health Ministry said on October 17 that at least 500 people were killed in an attack on the Al-Ahli Arab Hospital, which was packed with patients in central Gaza. The Hamas armed wing, which governs the Palestinian territory, said the Israeli attack was a war crime; images shared on social networking sites showed the building engulfed in flames, with extensive damage and bodies strewn among the wreckage. The UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA) said it was outrageous and showed a gross disregard for civilian life.

　　Israeli forces began attacking Gaza from the air on October 7, following an unprecedented attack by Hamas on October 17 inside Israel. Tens of thousands of Palestinians seeking refuge from the subsequent bombardment fled to hospitals throughout Gaza. The bodies included patients and displaced Palestinians, and the attack on the hospital sparked international condemnation. The Israeli military blamed the explosion at the hospital on a failed rocket launch by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad group. The Islamic Jihad group denied responsibility.

　The hospital attack sparked anti-Israeli protests in the occupied West Bank and several Middle Eastern cities. Jordan canceled a summit scheduled for October 18 that was to be attended by the presidents of the U.S., Egypt, and the Palestinian Authority. Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas withdrew from the meeting in Amman, saying the targeting of hospitals was an ugly war massacre and unacceptable. Gaza's Health Ministry said Wednesday's explosion at al-Ahli Arab Hospital was the result of an Israeli military air raid. Israel said the explosion was caused by a misfired rocket fired by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) militant group; the PIJ denied the allegations.

Warning: People gather around the bodies of Palestinians killed in Israeli air strikes on the al-Ahli Arab Hospital in central Gaza after they were transported to Shifa Hospital. [Dawood Nemer/AFP]

A 10-year-old boy was killed on October 6, 2023, when a Russian military missile struck a residential building in the urban center of Kharkiv, eastern Ukraine. Paramedics recovered the body of the 10-year-old boy from the

　　On October 6, 2023, a 10-year-old boy and his grandmother were killed in a Russian missile attack in Kharkiv, eastern Ukraine. The 10-year-old boy was killed when a Russian missile attack struck a residential building in the center of the city of Kharkiv. Paramedics took the body of the 10-year-old boy into custody.

　In the northeastern Ukrainian city of Kharkiv, a Russian missile attack killed a 10-year-old boy and his grandmother. Elsewhere in the same region, at least about 52 civilians were killed in an attack the previous day. Citizens were preparing to bury the dead after one of the deadliest attacks in recent months, when paramedics pulled the boy's body from the rubble of a building after a Russian missile strike in the early morning hours of October 6. The boy was wearing pajamas with a Spiderman design.

　The missile strike also killed the boy's grandmother and injured her 11-month-old child. In the city of Kharkov, one of the missiles fired early in the morning of October 6 landed on a street, leaving a crater, and another hit a residential building and caught fire. Kharkov Oblast authorities said that about 30 people were killed or wounded in the entire Russian military attack. Rescue efforts are continuing. Ukrainian military officials reported that the Russians attacked with two Iskander missiles.

　Ukrainian officials said that the previous day, October 5, Russian Iskander ballistic missiles with accuracy and destructive power had reduced a cafe and store in the eastern Ukrainian village of Khoroza (Hroza) to rubble, killing at least about 51 civilians. About 60 people, including children, were attending a wake at the cafe when the missile hit. A Ukrainian soldier, Andrei Kozyr, was killed in action, and a Russian missile hit the funeral in the cafe where Khoroza villagers were mourning his death. In an instant, the Russians killed Kozyr's widow, daughter, son, daughter-in-law, daughter-in-law's parents, uncle, aunt, and other relatives. One Russian missile killed one-sixth of the village's population. 

Warning: Emergency workers retrieved the body of a 10 years old boy who was killed in a Russian air attack that hit a multi-storey building in central Kharkiv, October 6, 2023.(AP Photo/ Alex Babenko)

In early October 1945, surviving residents of Hiroshima City wandered the cleared streets, bisecting the ruins. The city was reduced to a pile of rubble by the atomic bomb that had been dropped and exploded on Hiroshima City approximately two months earlier.

　　In early October 1945, surviving residents of Hiroshima City wandered the cleared streets, bisecting the ruins. The city was reduced to a pile of rubble by the atomic bomb that had been dropped and exploded on the city about two months earlier.On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, killing an estimated 90,000 to 120,000 people by December of the same year. In 1945, Tokyo and other cities had already been thoroughly bombed by the U.S. military.

　Homer Bigart, a reporter for the New York Herald Tribune, was allowed to enter the city of Hiroshima on August 6, after the U.S. military had dropped and exploded the atomic bomb, with a delay of September 3. Accompanied by Bernard Hoffman, a Life Magazine photographer who had photographed the bombed area, we walked through Hiroshima on September 3. Hibakusha from the first atomic explosion about four weeks earlier died at a rate of about 100 per day around September 3 from burns and infections that were difficult to treat. The toll from the atomic bomb, the deadliest nuclear weapon in history, was approximately 53,000 dead, 30,000 missing, 13,960 seriously injured, and 43,000 wounded. Homer Biggard considered it a logical act of war to annihilate the enemy Japanese forces, even as he witnessed the destruction of the city of Hiroshima one month after the atomic bomb exploded over the city on August 6, 1945. Bigard won Pulitzer Prizes for his coverage of the Pacific War in 1945 and the Korean War in 1951.

　The city of Hiroshima was just a flat, horrifyingly desolate landscape. The desolation was accentuated by bare, blackened tree trunks and the occasional shell of a reinforced concrete building. Debris was everywhere, but its size was much smaller than usual. The atomic bomb demolished everything. Only a few shells remained of buildings made of iron and steel. Most of Hiroshima's wooden structures were burned to the ground. Japan was in an all-out war. The war had to be won, and they felt they had to virtually exterminate the enemy.

In World War II, on November 18, 1943, a bomb was dropped from the sky over the German Kjeller airfield near the Norwegian capital of Oslo during an air raid by the U.S. Eighth Air Force.

In World War II, on November 18, 1943, a bomb was dropped from the sky over the German Kjeller airfield near the Norwegian capital of Oslo during an air raid by the U.S. Eighth Air Force.

　　The original attack that led to the bombing occurred on November 18, 1943, in a raid on Kieler Airfield by B-24 Liberator heavy bombers of the U.S. 8th Army Air Force, attached to the 2nd Air Division of the U.S. Army based in Norfolk, England. German occupation forces had planned a special military exercise at Kieler on Thursday, November 18, 1943. At Kieler airfield, repair and maintenance of Luftwaffe aircraft, engines, and parts was carried out by the three major German industrial and maintenance companies Approximately 107 aircraft of the 2nd AD Bomb Group that boarded on the morning of November 18, 1943, participated in the raid. German anti-aircraft artillerymen at the anti-aircraft battery at Kieler airfield fired in the air as part of a military exercise, as all impending attacks were part of a military exercise. About 78 American B-24 bombers bombed the air raid, dropping a total of about 838 bombs weighing about 230 kg over Kieler. The raid effectively halted maintenance activities at Kjeller airfield until the end of the war. Kjeller Airport was the first airport established in Norway. The German invasion of Norway broke out on April 8, 1940, and Kjeller Airfield was occupied on April 10, 1940, and Norway was overrun on June 10. After the war ended, Kjeller Airfield was surrendered to Norway on May 9, 1945.

　Two American crewmen were killed, one wounded, and 91 missing on the return flight, 30 of whom were interned in neutral Sweden. The U.S. military estimated that the bombing of Kieler airfield killed about 200 more German soldiers and wounded 400 others; many German soldiers who hid in trenches near the BMW site were buried alive and died. In addition to the bombs that actually fell on the airfield, approximately 140 bombs were dropped within a two-kilometer radius. Six private homes were destroyed and six were wrecked. Three civilians were killed and several others were wounded when smoke from the bombs billowed over the repair and maintenance base at the German airfield at Kieler after an American air raid on November 18, 1943.

　

U.S. Army Signal Corps soldiers photograph the bodies of prisoners who died outside their barracks on May 12 after the liberation of the Guzen concentration camp in Austria on May 5, 1945.

　　The Gusen concentration camp near Linz, Austria, was liberated on May 5, 1945, by troops of the 11th Armored Division of the U.S. 3rd Army. It was a concentration camp of prolonged death, hard labor, bestiality, and mass extermination. The total number of prisoners of war killed at the Gusen concentration camp, and the maximum number held there, were unknown at the time of liberation; the bodies were discovered when American troops liberated the camp on May 12, 1945. It was a sub-camp of the Mauthausen concentration camp. U.S. Army Signal Corps soldiers photograph dead prisoners outside a barracks after the liberation of the Gusen concentration camp in Austria.

　Even after American troops arrived and liberated the camp, inmates continued to die of starvation at a rate of about 100 per day, at a high rate of starvation. Inmates told investigators that the camps were primarily for political prisoners from all over Europe. However, an unknown number of American airmen were found to have been massacred at one point in the Gusen camp. The prisoners worked in a nearby quarry until they were too weak to stand, and were then slaughtered by the Germans. The Guzen concentration camp was equipped with the usual efficient means used by the Germans to dispose of the victims they slaughtered in gas chambers and crematoria. Third Army units found the bodies of inmates in filthy beds, in garbage dumps, on roads, in carts, in storage rooms, and in refrigerated rooms set aside for awaiting cremation. German civilians were forced to work by the U.S. military to remove the decomposing bodies for proper burial.

　Some died in the gas chambers, others starved to death in their beds. Bodies were taken out into the streets to be loaded onto freight cars for decent burials. An unknown number of American airmen were killed at the Gusen concentration camp. The men were worked in a nearby quarry until their strength failed and then killed; on May 8, 1945, German civilians over the age of 12 were turned in for body disposal duty at the liberated Gusen camp. German, Austrian, and Polish prisoners of war, as well as approximately 4,000 Spanish Republicans in 1940 and 4,400 Soviet prisoners of war in 1941, were held at Goosen; the average life expectancy in 1940 and 1941 was six months, and the average weight of prisoners from 1940 to 1942 was 40 kg.

From the night the ship left Koro Island, many repatriates from Manchuria began to die and draw their last breaths. The bodies were wrapped in blankets and comforters, and watched over by everyone as they were lowered into the sea from the rear of the repatriation ship for burial at sea.

　　A father died near the port of Hakata, Japan. The mother, along with her two remaining children, stared longingly at the surface of the sea where their father's body had sunk. The father's body, wrapped in a blanket, was thrown into the sea and disappeared. All the repatriates joined hands in prayer, saying, "May he rest in peace.

　We had come so far. From the night of the ship's departure from Koro Island, many repatriates from Manchuria, perhaps feeling relieved and relaxed, died of natural causes. Some mothers wrapped their dead children in blankets and hid them, eager to take them back to Japan. The bodies were wrapped in blankets and comforters and lowered into the sea from the rear of the repatriation ship for burial at sea, watched over by everyone. The boat made a long, sad, low whistle as it circled the area where the body had sunk. After one, two, three more turns, the repatriation ship left the scene. The bereaved families were filled with regret. The regret of the bereaved family members was palpable.　

　About 500 to 600 repatriates were waiting under a warehouse at the wharf on the Chinese island of 葫芦島 (Koro Island) to board the ship that would take them back to Japan. Chinese soldiers with bayonets stabbed and inspected the repatriates' luggage. 7:00 a.m. on July 16, 1946, permission to board was granted, and the repatriates to Japan boarded the "Hakuryu Maru. Several of the repatriates who had been waiting under the eaves for less than a week before had died. They were repatriated to the vicinity of Hakata Port on the morning of the fourth day from Koro Island.

　The Great Repatriation of Japanese Residents from Koro Island was a project to repatriate Japanese refugees from Koro Island under the responsibility of the Chinese Nationalist Government (land transportation part) and the United States (sea transportation part), in accordance with the discussions accompanying the Potsdam Declaration of the Allied Powers. The U.S. forces were part of Operation Brieger, which was called "葫芦島日僑大遣返" in China, and the first meeting between the Chinese Nationalist Government and the U.S. in Shanghai in October 1945 decided on the return transportation of Japanese civilians. Koro Island, located southwest of Jinzhou in Liaoning Province, was close to the U.S. naval base and near the boundary of both the Kuomintang and Communist forces; on May 11, 1946, an agreement between the U.S., the Kuomintang, and the Communists was signed and Koro Island was secured. Repatriation from Koro Island began on May 7, 1946, and by the end of 1946, approximately 1,017,549 people (including 16,607 POWs) and a total of 1,051,047 Japanese residents were repatriated to Japan by 1948. About 240,000 people died because they could not be repatriated from Manchuria.

As the Germans retreated from Poltava in northeastern Ukraine in the Soviet Union on September 23, 1943, they carried out a burning of Poltava civilians to death while still alive. Dozens of charred corpses of Poltava citizens were piled on the streets.

　　On the Eastern Front of World War II, German troops carried out the burning alive of Poltava civilians as they retreated from Poltava in the northeastern Ukrainian region of the Soviet Union on September 23, 1943. Dozens of charred corpses of Poltava citizens were piled on the streets. The citizens of Poltava surrounded and gazed at the charred corpses.

  　The town of Poltava in the Ukrainian region was severely damaged on the Eastern Front during World War II, when German troops occupied Poltava during Operation Barbarossa on September 18, 1941, and then held it for almost two years. Approximately 22,000+ Jews were massacred in Poltava after being falsely summoned to an entire suburb by the Einsatzgruppen,  in September 1943, Soviet Steppe Front units launched an offensive and forced their way through the Vorskla River. On September 23, 1943, after about three days of fierce fighting, Soviet troops captured the town of Poltava, the center of the Ukrainian region and a strong German defense base east of the Dnieper River.

　The battle of the Dnieper in the Ukrainian region was particularly intense in Poltava. Poltava was heavily fortified by the Germans and the garrison was well-prepared. After several days of fighting that greatly slowed the Soviet offensive, the Soviets bypassed Poltava and rushed toward the Dnieper River. After about three days of intense urban fighting, the German garrison of Poltava was defeated; by the end of September 1943, the Soviets had reached the lower Dnieper River. Casualties of the Battle of the Dnieper were approximately 290,000 Soviet troops killed or missing in action and 102,000 German troops killed or missing in action.

　To the Soviet soldiers who operated in the battle to liberate the town of Poltava, Stalin said, "I express my gratitude to all the troops under your command. Eternal glory to the heroes who fought for the freedom and independence of their country. Death to the German invaders!" . Poltava became one of the air bases used by American fighter planes in Operation Frantic, the shuttle bombing of the German mainland, beginning in June 1944.

A Palestinian doctor treats a child who was killed or wounded in an Israeli airstrike on October 11, 2023, inside Gaza's al-Shifa hospital, where bodies litter the streets during the Israeli-Palestinian war.

　　Inside al-Shifa hospital in Gaza, where corpses litter the streets during the Israeli-Palestinian war, a Palestinian doctor treats a child who was killed or wounded in an Israeli air strike on October 11, 2023, amid fear and confusion.

　In the Gaza Strip, besieged by Israeli air raids, the number of body bags continued to grow despite the best efforts of wounded Palestinians to save their lives. New casualties arrived at the Dar al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza, which was devastated and its corridors dimly lit. Moans and cries of pain echoed throughout the hospital's emergency room as the casualties were treated on the floor by medical personnel. Amidst the strong smell of chlorine, hospital medical personnel took mops to clean the bloodstained tiles of the casualties.

　Even on October 15, about nine days after air strikes began on the besieged Gaza Strip by Israeli forces, the devastation was so great that the hospital reached its war-weary limits. Debris from an Israeli airstrike hit the arm of Salem's 21-year-old brother, who had fled his home and severed a tendon. The hospital's operating room was flooded with hundreds of critical surgeries.

　More than a week after Palestinian Hamas fighters broke through the Israeli army's fortified separation barrier, killing some 1,300 more Israelis, the Israeli army's first attack on Gaza in more than a week. For the first time in nearly a decade, Israeli forces prepared for a ground invasion of Gaza. A ground assault on Gaza would increase the Palestinian death toll. In the besieged enclave, casualties have already surpassed those of the previous four wars. Inadequate supplies to Gaza hospitals and the Israeli military's decision to cut off food, fuel, water, and electricity to the Gaza enclave, which has a population of over 2 million. The number of civilian deaths is likely to skyrocket.

　Rights advocates warned that the decision to completely encircle Gaza, in addition to the siege of the Gaza Strip since 2007, is a collective punishment and a violation of international law. Shifa Hospital staff frantically conserved the diesel left in the spare generator and turned off all non-essential departments. Shifa Hospital did not have enough beds for the injured, and medical personnel treated casualties on site. There were also no basic necessities, such as water for toilets. Operating rooms and medical personnel worked around the clock in harsh conditions and slept for only a few hours.On October 12, the Israeli military ordered the approximately 1.1 million Palestinians living in northern Gaza to evacuate to the south, giving no guarantee of return. Many of the Palestinians who later evacuated were not freed from the Israeli bombardment. Israeli warplanes attacked convoys and escape roads.

　On October 12, amid heavy airstrikes, the Al Dura Children's Hospital was flooded with new patients, including bruised and bandaged infants and toddlers with blood on their faces. Israeli airstrikes killed at least about 250 people on the morning of October 12, including 44 members of the same family in Jabalia. The Gaza Health Ministry said that Durah Hospital was not spared from shelling and was targeted by white phosphorus shells. It was then forced to evacuate. Human Rights Watch said Israeli forces used white phosphorus shells illegally in the Gaza Strip.

　Several hospitals reported that they have been unable to turn away paramedical patients since Israeli forces ordered Palestinians to leave northern Gaza. Al-Awda Hospital said on October 14 that it could not turn away or close its doors to Palestinians who had been killed or wounded. The wards were full of casualties. It appealed to humanitarian partners around the world to put pressure on Israeli forces.

　The Gaza Health Ministry accused Israeli forces of violating international rules on war crimes by intentionally bombing ambulances. The Palestine Red Crescent Society condemned the deaths of four paramedics in about 30 minutes on October 15. Shifa Hospital began overflowing a few days ago when the morgue reached its capacity. Bodies were placed in three stacks outside the walk-in cooler and dozens of bodies were placed side by side in the parking lot.

Warning: Palestinian medics tend to children wounded by Israeli air strikes at al-Shifa hospital in Gaza City on 11 October 2023 (AFP)

On September 6, 2023, in the Russo-Ukrainian War, Kostiantynivka in Donetsk Oblast came under Russian missile attack. Bodies of Ukrainian civilians lay dead in front of an outdoor market; 17 people were killed and 32 wounded.

   In the Russo-Ukrainian War on September 6, 2023, the Ukrainian city center of Kostiantynivka came under missile attack by Russian forces. After the shelling, the bodies of Ukrainian civilians lay in front of a burning marketplace. In Kostiantynivka, in eastern Ukraine, Russian shelling killed about 17 people and wounded at least 32 others. The New York Times later reported on September 18 that evidence strongly suggested that the devastating attack in Kostiantynivka was the result of a misfire by a Ukrainian air defense missile fired by a Buk launch system.

　The Russian missiles tore through an outdoor market in eastern Ukraine, killing about 17 people and wounding about 32 others. In the city of Kostiantynivka, near the front line in Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast, a missile strike turned an outdoor market into a charred ruin, littered with corpses. The outdoor market is a civilian settlement, with no military facilities, and an arbitrary and indiscriminate attack broke out.

　There was the wreckage of the Kostiantynivka market, near a car engulfed in flames, and charred corpses lay in the street with their clothes still on. Behind a stall selling fresh parsley, rescuers found the body of a woman in plain clothes, covered in blood. Paramedics gave first aid to a casualty and transported her to an ambulance at an outdoor market after Russian missile shelling received by the Ukrainian city center of Kostiantynivka. Firefighters extinguished the flames, paramedics applied tourniquets, and placed the casualties on stretchers and blankets in the emergency vehicle. Some bodies were covered with posters and tarps. There were bodies covered on the ground, paramedics extinguishing a fire at an outdoor market stall, and a charred car near an outdoor market. Emergency crews extinguished fires in about 30 papillions of outdoor market stalls.

Warning: A dead body lies on the ground in front of a burning market after a Russian shelling attack in the city center of Kostiantynivka, Ukraine, Wednesday, Sept. 6, 2023. More than a dozen people were killed and dozens more were wounded Wednesday when Russian shelling struck a market in the city in eastern Ukraine, officials said. (AP Photo/Evgeniy Maloletka)

The area around the hypocenter where the atomic bomb exploded in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, collapsed. All occupants of the bus, which was set ablaze by the hot air from the atomic bomb, were killed. Soldiers from the U.S. occupation forces surveyed the damage caused by the Hiroshima atomic bomb in September 1945.

     At the end of World War II, the area around the hypocenter where the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima by the U.S. military on August 6, 1945, collapsed. All occupants of the bus that caught fire due to the hot air from the atomic bomb were killed. The fire damage caused tremendous loss of life. Soldiers from the U.S. occupation forces surveyed the damage caused by the atomic bomb in Hiroshima in September 1945.

　Immediately after the bombing, the firefighting and rescue teams were stripped of personnel and equipment, making the worst of the damage. More than 90% of the citizens of Hiroshima who were within about 500 meters of the hypocenter were killed; it is estimated that about 140,000 people, most of them civilians, died as a result of the atomic bomb blast that was dropped and exploded on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. About half of those who died in the bombing were killed instantly, many of them literally vaporized by the heat rays. The U.S. Atomic Bomb Survey team entered the city of Hiroshima in September 1945 to conduct research.

　In September 1945, after the atomic bombs were dropped and exploded in 1945, Bernard Hoffman became the first American civilian photographer to be at the sites of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. His photographs offered a glimpse of the devastating destructive power of the atomic bombs, and were published in the first issue of Life magazine in 1936. It was a photograph of the scene of Hiroshima after the atomic bombing. Soldiers from the U.S. occupation forces surveyed the desolate, charred wreckage of a bus in which an atomic bomb had been dropped and its occupants had perished.

In November 1943, two sailors from the Liscomb Bay aircraft carrier, a ship that was sunk during the Battle of Marin in the Pacific War, were covered with American flags and buried in the Pacific Ocean waters from the Coast Guard ship Leonard Wood.

   In November 1943, shortly after the Battle of Marin in the Pacific War, two sailors from the ship USS Liscome Bay (CVE-56) were covered with American flags and buried at sea in the Pacific Ocean by a Coast Guard ship; two petty officers who died aboard USS Liscome Bay (CVE-56), USS Leonard Wood (APA-12) were buried at sea by the crew of the USS Leonard Wood (APA-12). Two of the rescued crewmen died and were buried at sea by a marine burial, where bodies were buried at sea from ships, boats, and aircraft.　

 　At 5:10 a.m. on November 24, 1943, the escort carrier and flagship USS Liscum Bay was sunk in only 23 minutes by the Japanese submarine I-175, which arrived near Makin One torpedo fired by I-175 detonated the Liscum Bay's aircraft bomb stockpile. Liscum Bay was hit in the worst place for bomb storage, unprotected from torpedo hits and debris damage. The explosion collapsed half of the ship. No one survived behind the forward bulkhead in the rear of the engine room. By the time the flames had subsided, all the sailors in the latter part of the "Riscum Bay" had been killed in the explosion.　A massive explosion engulfed the entire ship, which sank rapidly. The attack on Liscum Bay accounted for most of the American casualties in the Battle of Makin. Of the Liscum Bay's crew of approximately 916 men, about 644 (53 officers and 591 enlisted men) were killed. Approximately 272 were rescued.

 　The Battle of Makin broke out on Butaritari Atoll in the Gilbert Islands between November 20 and November 23, 1943, during the Pacific War. It took the U.S. forces four days to fully occupy Makin, with considerably more naval casualties than ground troops. The Japanese lost about 395 men killed in action, while the Americans lost about 763. The loss ratio was excessive for the U.S. forces, and the latter half of the Pacific War was one of the few battles in which the U.S. casualties exceeded those of the Japanese, even during the U.S. offensive phase of the war.

 

In World War II, an Allied bombing raid on Hamburg engulfed the asphalt streets in flames and burned to death the citizens of Hamburg at midnight on July 27, 1943. About 9,000 tons of bombs killed about 40,000 civilians and reduced the main industrial port to ashes.

　　In World War II, an Allied bombing raid on Hamburg resulted in the asphalt streets being engulfed in flames at midnight on July 27, 1943, burning to death a large number of Hamburg citizens. About 9,000 tons of bombs killed some 40,000 civilians and reduced the main industrial port to ashes. In all, about 13,000 men, 21,000 women, and more than 8,000 children were killed. The Battle of Hamburg, code-named Operation Gomorrah, was an eight-day, seven-night air raid that began on July 24, 1943. At the time, it was the most intense attack in the history of air warfare and was later dubbed "Germany's Hiroshima" by British officials. Operation Gomorrah, a regional carpet bombing campaign, was drawn up by Harris and Charwell after they persuaded Churchill. The bombing campaign also regarded all Germans and Italians as hateful enemies.

　　 Royal Air Force Marshal Sir Arthur Travers Harris, known as Bomber Harris, was known within the Royal Air Force as "Butcher" Harris. He was directly and deliberately responsible for the military deaths of hundreds of thousands of innocent women, children, and old people in Germany during World War II. He should have been tried for war crimes along with the defendants at Nuremberg. Viscount Cherwell (Professor Lindemann) was the chief architect of the carpet bombing campaign against German cities and civilians.

　　The operation was carried out by the Royal Air Force Bomber Command (including RCAF squadrons) and the US Air Force Eighth Air Force. Shortly before midnight on July 27, nearly 800 bombers raided Hamburg. The unusually dry and warm weather, the concentration of the bombing in one area, and the limited fire-fighting capability of the blockbuster bombs used in the early stages of the raid resulted in the so-called "Feuersturm" (fire whirlwind). A huge fire with wind speeds of up to 240 km/h and temperatures of up to 800 °C (800 °F) destroyed approximately 21 km² of the city center. Asphalt roads were engulfed in flames, and most of the casualties of Operation Gomorrah occurred that night. Many of the victims were in shelters, and on the night of July 29, Hamburg was again bombed by approximately 700+ bombers. The final raid of Operation Gomorrah took place on August 3. Much of the city was destroyed without a trace, and the number of dead is unknown.

　　Hamburg had been particularly pro-British prior to the bombing, and was the ground on which resistance to Hitler was formed. The Hamburg air raid extinguished all pro-British sentiment, and resistance to Hitler was also destroyed. The German people believed Goebbels' propaganda of "terror raids" and became more inclined to defend Germany against the attacks of the dreaded coalition forces. The air raids prolonged rather than shortened the war.

 　In July 1943, Curtis LeMay, a U.S. Air Force officer in the European theater, led an air raid on Hamburg. He was appointed commander of the 3rd Air Division there in September 1943; he was transferred to the Pacific Theater in August 1944, where he was responsible for executing all air raid operations against all of Japan.

 

In the Battle of the Philippines in the Pacific War, Japanese troops massacred Filipino civilians in Tapel, Cagayan Province, Luzon, on July 1, 1945. At a small bridge leading to the village of Tapel, Japanese troops killed three Filipino civilians.

　　Japanese troops massacred Filipino civilians in Tapel, Cagayan Province, Luzon, on July 1, 1945, during the Battle of the Philippines in the Pacific War. At a small bridge leading to the village of Tapel, Japanese troops killed three Filipino civilians. on November 23, 1945, the man in the photo, Pedro Serono, exhumed the bodies of eight Filipino civilians massacred by Japanese troops and displayed eight skulls he found after the massacre. The skulls were used as evidence in the Japanese war crimes trial after U.S. military officials identified the location of the massacre.

　　Japanese war crimes in the Philippines began with the U.S.-led Manila trial of former General Yamashita Bongbun, which opened in October 1945, and continued until April 1947, after the independence of the Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946. Over a period of about 18 months, 97 trials were opened and 215 defendants were indicted. The results of the war crimes sentences were 92 death sentences, 39 life sentences, 66 fixed-term sentences, and 20 acquittals. The U.S.-led war crimes trial in Manila ended in April 1947, after the Philippines gained independence in April 1947.

　Immediately thereafter, beginning in July 1947, the Philippine authorities took over the trials of the remaining Class B and C war criminals. from 1947 to 1949, the Republic of the Philippines conducted 73 war trials against 155 Japanese Imperial Army and Navy officers who had committed war crimes during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines. As a result, by December 28, 1949, 138 people had been convicted and 79 sentenced to death. 73 trials were held primarily for war crimes committed by the raging Japanese military in the Philippines, ranging from murder, rape, and torture of civilians to inhumane treatment of prisoners of war. 155 of the Japanese military accused, Of the 155 Japanese military defendants, 149 were sentenced. Of the Japanese military defendants, 79 were sentenced to death, 31 to life in prison, 28 to varying terms, and 11 were acquitted; Lt. Col. Yasuo Omura (Yasuo Omura), accused of war crimes in Cagayan Province in July 1945, was convicted and sentenced to life in prison on September 12, 1949, He was pardoned by President Elpidio Quirino in a July 4, 1953 pardon.

Israeli police station stands by the bodies of militants outside the police station that was overrun by Hamas gunmen on Saturday, in Sderot, Israel, Sunday, Oct.8, 2023. Hamas militants stormed over the border fence Saturday, killing hundreds of Israelis in surrounding communities.

 　　On October 7, 2023, the Israeli police station in Sderot (Sderot) was overrun by Hamas militants from the Palestinian Gaza Strip. The next day, October 8, outside the police station, Israeli police stood by the body of a dead militant from the Palestinian Gaza Strip and performed an autopsy.On October 7, Hamas militants attacked Sderot near Gaza, exchanged gunfire with Israeli police and civilians in the streets, and took over the town's police station. At least 20 Israeli police were killed. Hamas militants stormed across the border fence on October 7, killing hundreds of Israelis in the surrounding communities.

　The Hamas surprise attack from the Gaza Strip that broke out on October 7, 2023, was Israel's worst death toll in decades. Approximately 1,000 Hamas fighters participated in the initial invasion. Hamas gunmen breached the border fence surrounding Gaza with explosives and crossed the coast on motorcycles, pickup trucks, paragliders, and speedboats. The large number of deaths, the large number of prisoners, and the slow response to the onslaught pointed to a serious intelligence failure and undermined long-held perceptions that Israel has been handing out surveillance of the small, densely populated Gaza Strip territory it has controlled for decades. at least about 700 people, including 44 Israeli soldiers. killed, media reports said. The Israeli government formally declared war on Hamas on October 8. Israel has conducted major military operations in Lebanon and Gaza over the past 40 years, but no formal declaration of war has been made.

　Since October 7, Hamas militants have forcibly taken dozens of Israelis, including women, children, and elderly people, to the Gaza coast. Relatives of captured and missing Israelis were televised wailing in the fog and pleading for assistance. Hamas and smaller Islamic Jihad groups claimed to have detained about 130 more in Israel and forced them into Gaza. Israeli security forces killed about 400 Hamas militants. The United Nations put the number of displaced Gaza residents at more than about 123,000.

　The Palestinian Gaza Strip, a small enclave with a population of about 2.3 million, has been blockaded by Israel and Egypt for about 16 years since the Hamas occupation. Israeli retaliation against Hamas has hit more than about 800 targets, including an airstrike that destroyed most of the town of Beit Hanoun, northeast of Gaza, the Israeli military said. The Palestinian Ministry of Health said on October 8 that some 413 Palestinians, including 78 children and 41 women, were killed and some 2,300 injured.

Warning: Israeli police station stands by the bodies of militants outside the police station that was overrun by Hamas gunmen on Saturday, in Sderot, Israel, Sunday, Oct.8, 2023. Hamas militants stormed over the border fence Saturday, killing hundreds of Israelis in surrounding communities. (AP Photo/Ohad Zwigenberg)

A Cambodian wife embraces the body of her husband, who was killed in 1975 in Cambodia during the Battle of Phnom Penh. Her Cambodian husband was killed by the leftist extremist Khmer Rouge.

   A Cambodian wife embraces the body of her husband who was killed in 1975 during the Battle of Phnom Penh in Cambodia. A young widow grieves in anguish as she holds the body of her husband killed in battle (@ Don McCullin). Her Cambodian husband was killed by the leftist extremist Khmer Rouge.

　The Cambodian Civil War ended with the fall of Phnom Penh on April 17, 1975, when the Khmer Rouge took over Phnom Penh, the capital of the Khmer Republic (now Cambodia). in early April 1975, Phnom Penh, the last remaining stronghold of the Khmer Republic, was surrounded by the Khmer Rouge. and was completely dependent on aerial resupply from Pochentong Airport. With the Khmer Rouge's overthrow imminent, the U.S. government evacuated U.S. citizens and allied Cambodians on April 12, 1975; by April 17, the last line of defense around Phnom Penh had been overrun, the Khmer Rouge had taken Phnom Penh, and the government of the Khmer Republic collapsed.

　Captured Khmer Republican troops were taken to the Olympic Stadium, where they were executed. Senior government and military officials were forced to write confessions before their execution. The Khmer Rouge ordered Phnom Penh residents to leave the city forcibly, and Phnom Penh was emptied and transferred to Thailand, except for expatriates who took refuge in the French embassy until April 30. Foreigners were forced into the French Embassy compound. After about two weeks the foreigners were trucked to the Thai border and expelled. With the foreigners gone, Cambodia lost its only outside witness to the politics of terror initiated by the Khmer Rouge in Democratic Kampuchea.

 　The Khmer Rouge took control of Phnom Penh and forced the forced displacement of some 2 million Phnom Penh residents to rural areas in the provinces. They were held at gunpoint in their homes and schools and fired upon if they did not move immediately. Even in hospitals, patients were forced onto the streets. Families were torn apart and children lost their parents in the chaos. Roads leading from the capital Phnom Penh were jammed, and thousands of people died. Friends and relatives were forced to emigrate quickly, leaving their bodies behind and carrying what little belongings they had.

A Ukrainian soldier of the K2 battalion stood over the body of a Russian soldier lying in a trench on the front line near the town of Siversk, Donetsk region on 28 January 2023.

   A Ukrainian soldier of the K2 Battalion stands over a dead Russian soldier lying in a trench on the front line near Siversk, Donetsk Oblast, during the Russo-Ukrainian War, January 28. The Battle of Siversk was a battle of the Russian army, which was fought in the front line near Siversk.

　The Battle of Siversk was part of the Battle of the Donbass, a broad offensive in eastern Ukraine that began on July 3, 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Russian forces ceased their attack on Siversk and its surroundings on July 28; throughout August there was a lull in the fighting, and with the Kharkov counterattack, Russian forces withdrew from positions around Siversk after September 8.

    Since July 2022, Russian private military companies, consisting primarily of Wagner units, have been attacking Bakhmut, an important transportation hub in the Donbass. Wagner has sent some 50,000 fighters, including some 40,000 prisoners. The U.S. Treasury Department designated Wagner, a Russian private military company operating in Ukraine, an international criminal organization on January 26, 2023.

　Ukrainian military fortifications prevented the Russian invasion of Kramatorsk, Sloviansk, Toretsk, and Siversk. The front line was located a few kilometers from Siversk. Like other residential areas in this direction, Siversk was bombarded by Russian troops.

      On January 27, 2023, the town of Chasov Yar in the Bakhmut district of Donetsk Oblast was also hit by shelling; two people were killed and five more wounded. Cars as well as residential and administrative buildings were damaged. on January 28, the Russian military launched a missile attack on the city of Konstantinovka, Donetsk Oblast. A residential area caught fire and four high-rise buildings, a garage, a hotel, and a civilian vehicle were damaged. At least three people were killed and two injured. After the shelling of Konstantinovka, Ukrainian authorities called on NATO to supply long-range missiles to the capital, Kiev.

　Conversely, on January 28, 2023, the Russian Defense Ministry announced that 14 people were killed and 24 wounded in an attack on a hospital in the village of Novoaidar in the annexed Lugansk region. Military personnel and local residents were being treated at the hospital facility. The hospital came under fire from a HIMARS missile system. Ukrainian authorities did not comment on the Russian Defense Ministry's statement. TASS news agency published photos of the destroyed hospital.

Warning: A Ukrainian soldier of the K2 battalion stood over the body of a Russian soldier lying in a trench on the front line near the town of Siversk, Donetsk region on 28 January 2023.(Photo by AFP/Anatoly Stepanov)

The August 9, 1945 explosion of the Nagasaki atomic bomb derailed a streetcar that was destroyed by the blast and burned in early September 1945 near Urakami Station, about 1.5 km south of the hypocenter.

The August 9, 1945 explosion of the Nagasaki atomic bomb derailed a streetcar that was destroyed by the blast and burned in early September 1945 near Urakami Station, about 1.5 km south of the hypocenter. Approximately 16 of the approximately 63 biaxial cars of the tramcar were destroyed by the Nagasaki atomic bomb.

　The bombed area, centered on Urakami in Nagasaki, was a burnt-out area. In addition to the wreckage of the streetcars, there was also the overturned and burned wreckage of automobiles. Both sides of the railroad tracks were covered with debris. The bombed area in Nagasaki City was a long, narrow basin from north to south, surrounded on the east and west by mountains. Urakami Station was located approximately 1 km from the hypocenter. The station building was completely destroyed and many bodies were scattered around the premises. The casualties among JNR employees were also enormous: 65 of the approximately 70 employees on duty were killed, including 20 who died instantly.

　Nagasaki Electric Railway Company (Nagasaki Dentetsu) suffered severe damage to its main facilities, buildings, vehicles, and employees, with an approximately 3 km section between Nagasaki Station and Ohashi destroyed. The entire line in the former city was also shut down for several months. About 21 cars were destroyed by fire, 120 utility poles were toppled and broken, several power lines and tracks were destroyed by fire, and more than 100 employees were killed. The company was forced to suspend operations due to the inability to operate trains. Of the 56 cars owned by the company, about half were movable cars, and the deaths of employees (including mobilized students and female volunteers) accounted for 23% of the total of about 500 employees. On November 24, three months after the Nagasaki atomic bomb was dropped on August 9, 1945, streetcars again began running through the streets of Nagasaki.