In Ussuriysk in the Siberian region of the Russian Far East shortly after leaving World War I, in July 1918, Czechoslovak Legion soldiers accumulated and surrounded the bodies of their comrades who had been killed by the Russian Red Army.

　In July 1918, Czechoslovak Legion soldiers were killed by the Russian Red Army in Ussuriysk, in the Russian Far East, shortly after the country's departure from World War I. The Czechoslovak Legion soldiers accumulated the corpses of their murdered comrades and surrounded them. By June, both sides were fighting along the Trans-Siberian Railway from Penza to Krasnoyarsk.

　By the end of June 1918, Vladivostok was overrun by the Czechoslovak Legion and declared an Allied protectorate. The city was made a landing point for Japanese, American, French, and British forces relieving the White Army, and by mid-July the Czechoslovak Legion, along with its White allies, had overrun all cities on the Trans-Siberian route from Samara to the Pacific Ocean. As Allied forces closed in on Yekaterinburg in the Urals, where the last Russian emperor, Nicholas II, was imprisoned, the Bolshevik Red Army promptly executed Nicholas II and his family by firing squad on July 17. They buried them in the woods along the Kopchaki Road, and on July 25 the Czechoslovak Legion overran Yekaterinburg.

　On August 5, 1914, the Czechoslovak Legion was organized within the Russian Imperial Army to fight against Austrian and allied forces to establish a state; in November 1917, the Bolsheviks seized power throughout Russia. The Czechoslovak Legion set out from the Ukraine along the Russian railroads to transports from the port of Vladivostok in the Far East. on March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk withdrew the Russian Imperial Army from the First World War.

　By the end of August 1918, the Czechoslovak Legion was in control of Vladivostok. In early July 1918, American, Japanese, and other forces deployed to Vladivostok, Siberia, to rescue Czechoslovak troops who had been held back by the Bolsheviks in Transbaikal. soldiers sought to return to their homeland.

　On November 14, 1919, the Red Army occupied Omsk, the capital of the White Army, and a desperate flight to the east by the White Army and refugees along the Trans-Siberian Railway began; on February 7, 1920, the Czechoslovak Legion signed a truce with the Red Army in Kuching; on March 1, 1920, the last Czechoslovak train, Irkutsk on the Trans-Siberian Railway and withdrew by sea from the port of Vladivostok to take refuge in their homeland. The total number of people evacuated with the Czechoslovak Legion in Russia was 67,739, and approximately 4,112 people were killed in Russia during World War I and the Russian Revolution.

During the Russo-Japanese War Battle of Liaoyang, Japanese troops searched and autopsied the bodies of Japanese soldiers killed on the battlefield near Liaoyang; on August 30 and 31, 1904, a renewed Japanese attack was repulsed by Russian forces, resulting in heavy losses.

During the Russo-Japanese War Battle of Liaoyang, Japanese troops searched and autopsied the bodies of Japanese soldiers killed on the battlefield near Liaoyang. From August 30, the corpses of Japanese soldiers were buried on the battlefield near Liaoyang.

　For the first time in the Russo-Japanese War, the battlefield of Liaoyang was the scene of a clash between two major armies, the Japanese with some 127,360 soldiers and the Russians with some 245,300 soldiers. The Battle of Liaoyang began with the Japanese invasion on August 26, 1904, and fighting broke out simultaneously on all fronts from August 30 in the city of Liaoyang. For about five days, the fierce offensive and defense were repeated. The Russian forces stationed in Liaoyang built a strong defensive position, and on August 28, the Shoushan Fort in front of Liaoyang became a disastrous battleground, with the main Russian forces defeating the Japanese forces. In the southern part of Liaoyang, the two armies engaged in a pitched battle, and the battlefield was extremely fierce. The Russian forces involved in the Battle of Liaoyang numbered approximately 224,600 with approximately 20,000 casualties, while the Japanese forces numbered 134,500 with approximately 23,533 casualties. Officially, the Japanese forces lost about 5,537 dead, the Russian forces lost about 3,611 dead, the Japanese forces suffered about 18,063 casualties, and the Russians suffered about 14,301 casualties. Later Soviet research put the total number of Japanese casualties at about 23,615, compared to Russian casualties of about 15,548.

　On August 31, Japanese troops crossed the Taizu River, which runs east to west just north of Liaoyang city, and the left flank of the Russian army was hit; on September 1, about half of the Japanese First Army crossed the Taizu River about 13 km east of the Russian front; on September 3, Kuropatkin, commander-in-chief of the Russian army, ordered his Russian troops to abandon Liaoyang and retreat to Mukden. Mukden. The Russians' defenses of Manchuria and their rebellion on the Liaoyang peninsula, with the exception of Fortress Arushun, were frustrated, and on September 4, the Japanese took control of the Liaoyang area. The Russian forces retreated to Mukden, and on September 8 the completion of the retreat of all troops was announced.

　The Russo-Japanese War attracted many foreign correspondents to the combat experience. From their safe positions, foreign correspondents were unable to witness the heroism, chivalry, devotion, sacrifice, patriotism, combat, and casualties of the Japanese soldiers. The Russo-Japanese War was thoroughly documented and reported as top news. General magazines such as Collier's and Harper's Weekly, as well as newspapers, relied heavily on visual information. In the process of visualizing and narrating the Russo-Japanese War, visual information was irreverent, eye-catching, and exaggerated. It reminded one of the Battle of Liaoyang and, in the United States, the Civil War. It heightened the threat that the Japanese military was poised to engage the United States in a potentially apocalyptic race war.

The Theresienstadt camp in Czechoslovakia had no food, and many inmates died of starvation or disease. The original population was about 6,000 in 1943, about 100,000 were incarcerated in the camp. About 300 people died each day from disease, starvation, and overwork.

　There was no food in the Theresienstadt camp, and many inmates died of starvation or disease. The Theresienstadt camp had an original population of about 6,000, and in 1943, about 100,000 people were interned. Every day, about 300 people died each day from disease, starvation, and overwork.

  In March 1939, the Germans invaded Prague, Czechoslovakia, and Czechoslovakia was dismantled. A concentration camp was established on November 24, 1941 in Terezin, about 60 km north of Prague, the capital of Czechoslovakia. Terezin utilized a fortress installed in the 18th century, surrounded by a deep moat and thick, high earthen walls, at the camp. About 400,000 Jews were interned at Terezin, and on January 20, 1942, the Winsee Conference announced a plan for the extermination of the Jews.

　In 1942, the Nazis expelled approximately 7,000 Czechs who lived in Terezin and isolated them in the closed environment of the Jewish settlement. The Nazis initially designated the Terezin camp as a camp for elderly, privileged, and famous Jews from Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, and Western Europe; beginning in the fall of 1942, more than a dozen freight trains began forcing those unable to work forcibly from Terezin to the Auschwitz concentration camp, an extermination camp in the east. They were taken to Auschwitz, an extermination camp in the east. Terezin was used as a transit point to Auschwitz.

　Approximately 15,000 children passed through the Terezin camp where their education continued with a rigorous daily routine of classes, athletic activities, and art. They drew pictures and wrote poetry. By the end of the war, however, fewer than 150 to 1,100 children survived. 44-year-old female painter Friedl Dicker Prandis stood up for painting education by risking her life, which was forbidden. on October 6, 1944, painter Friedl also was forcibly taken to the East.

　On May 15, 1944, a delegation of the International Red Cross visited Terezin. The inmates were made to disguise their absolute submission through fear and execution; November 1944 was the last forced removal from Terezin to Auschwitz. The Germans transferred the camp to the International Red Cross on May 3, and Soviet troops liberated the Terezin concentration camp on May 10, 1945. About 4,000 paintings with the children's names were found in the trunk 10 years later. Of the approximately 144,000 Jews sent to Terezin camp, about 33,000 died at Terezin and about 88,000 were sent to Auschwitz and other extermination camps. Only 19,000 survived to the end of the war.

During the Battle of Iwo Jima in the Pacific War, the bodies of many slain Japanese soldiers lay in trenches on a volcanic ash beach on March 1, 1945. Wrecked equipment was scattered around the Japanese soldiers on the beach and in the sea.

　　During the Battle of Iwo Jima in the Pacific War, the bodies of many slain Japanese soldiers lay in trenches on a volcanic ash beach on March 1, 1945. Wrecked equipment was scattered around the Japanese soldiers on the beach and in the sea. American forces landed on Iwo Jima and, from the bridgehead, assaulted and swept through the Japanese garrison. The Americans deployed armored bulldozers to clear passages for tanks, and also deployed flame-throwing Zippo tanks to break up the Japanese positions.

　The American forces, unable to receive tank support due to the complicated terrain, attacked the Japanese positions one by one with flamethrowers, explosives, and bazookas. The Japanese forces opened fire from hidden tochkas and underground positions. The Americans suffered 512 casualties on February 26 and 792 on February 27, the worst casualties since the Iwo Jima landings, but could do little. 382 Highland, one of the main positions, was captured on March 2 with heavy casualties of about 610. The battlefield around the 382nd Highland was called the Meat Grinder.

　The most formidable Japanese defenses on Iwo Jima were not on the beaches, the summit of Mount Suribachi, or the plains leading to the airfield. It was in the foothills and knolls, in the crevices and caves, in the shrubby forests and rocky cliffs, in the humble climate that formed the backbone of the Japanese garrison's defensive line. The Japanese built a maze of disguised, heavily reinforced positions in the hills and valleys around the southern part of Iwo Jima. They ranged from shooting depressions and sandbag-laden caves to massive positions with reinforced concrete walls about 1.2 meters thick. It was very tough to strategically invade and get through.

　Shattered tree stumps, sharp rocks, outcroppings, canyons, and other crater-like black ash beaches shared the horror, confusion, and terror, both physical and emotional. Thousands of soldiers from both sides lost their lives in this chaotic and indescribable battlefield hell of Iwo Jima. American forces finally declared Iwo Jima safe on March 26 after the final Japanese banzai attack on troops and airmen near the beach. American forces took control of the ground on Iwo Jima on April 4. During the four weeks of fighting over tiny Iwo Jima (February 19 to March 26), American soldiers suffered approximately 25,851 casualties, of which 5,931 died. About 17,845 Japanese soldiers were killed in action, and about 1,033 were taken prisoner of war.

In Chernihiv, northern Ukraine, a local man covered a body that was killed after a Russian missile attack. The men then sat grieving by the covered corpse.

　　In Chernihiv (Chernihiv), northern Ukraine, a local man covered a body that was killed after a Russian missile attack. The men then sat grieving by the covered corpse. Footage from the immediate aftermath showed badly damaged buildings, including a theater with its roof blown off, mangled cars, and survivors walking through the rubble in bloodied clothing. The square in front of the theater was alive with people returning from church with baskets of consecrated apples in their hands, celebrating the religious holiday of the Apple Festival of the Savior. Shards of the theater roof littered the square after the missile strike, as well as shattered windows of nearby cars and restaurants.

　Russian forces launched a missile attack on Chernihiv, the capital of Chernihiv Oblast in northern Ukraine, on August 19, 2023. It hit the central square in the center of Chernihiv, killing seven people, including a six-year-old girl, and wounding 144, 41 of whom were hospitalized, Ukrainian authorities said. Of the 144 injured, 15 were children. The dead girl's name was Sofia. Of the 144 injured, 15 were police officers. Most of the victims were in their cars. On August 19, a missile attack erupted as Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky arrived in Sweden on a visit.

　Chernihiv, located about 145 km north of the capital Kiev, had lush boulevards and centuries-old churches. The attack on Chernihiv coincided with the Orthodox holiday of the Transfiguration of the Lord. The square in front of the damaged theater and surrounding buildings were littered with debris, and parked vehicles were severely damaged. The roof of the historic theater was ripped off by the missile attack. Shortly thereafter, survivors walked through the rubble in badly damaged buildings, including a theater with its roof blown off, mangled cars, and bloodied clothing. Ukrainian rescue workers worked at the site of the missile attack.

　The Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, triggered the siege of Chernihiv. Russian forces failed to capture the city and instead bypassed Chernihiv through an alternative route to the capital, Kiev; on March 6, 2022, the Ukrainian government granted Chernihiv the special title of Hero City. The Russian siege was released on March 31.

Warning: A man covered a dead body after a Russian attack, in Chernihiv, Ukraine, August 19,2023. A　man sit beside a covered dead body after Russian attack. (National Police of Ukraine via AP)

A 3-year-old boy exposed to the Nagasaki atomic bomb developed A-bomb sickness about a month later and was admitted to Ward 8 of the Omura Naval Hospital on September 7, 1945. On admission, his breathing sounds were coarse and his abdomen was distended. Blisters remained on both hands and feet.

    A 3-year-old boy exposed to the Nagasaki atomic bomb that exploded on August 9, 1945, developed A-bomb sickness about a month later and was admitted to Ward 8 of the Omura Naval Hospital on September 7. When he was admitted, his breathing sounded coarse and his abdomen was distended. Blisters remained on both hands and feet. After the blisters had healed, their crusts adhered to many of them. The scalp of the boy's head was alopecia and scarring formed after the blisters healed. The boy's admission record did not contain any injury or illness related to A-bomb disease, and his progress after admission was also unclear.

　The incubation period before the appearance of A-bomb sickness tended to correlate with the distance of the survivors from the hypocenter. Within about 750 m from the hypocenter, symptoms appeared from the day of the explosion. For those exposed at about 1 km from the hypocenter, A-bomb sickness appeared about 4 days later. For survivors exposed between about 1 km and 1.5 km from the hypocenter, A-bomb sickness appeared on about the 10th day. Those survivors who had no external injuries and no abnormalities immediately after the bombings subsequently developed fatigue, loss of appetite, and fever of up to 40°C. At the same time, many survivors developed neck and neck pain and fever of up to 40°C. At the same time, swollen and painful cervical lymph nodes, sore throat, and hoarseness appeared in many A-bomb survivors. Over the next few days, watery, mucousy, and bloody diarrhea appeared, followed by hematuria. The epilation started as a needle-head sized area in the beginning, and petechial hemorrhages eventually spread over the entire body, and at the same time bleeding from the mouth and gums and epistaxis began.

　Strange herpes-like rashes were observed around the mouths of many survivors. As death approached, it became gangrenous and was accompanied by a pronounced odor. There was no abnormality in cardiac function except for a drop in blood pressure in the final stages. Many survivors developed terminal pneumonia. Many A-bomb survivors complained of stomach pain, but there was no vomiting, although roundworms were observed. Central nervous system disorders, such as visual impairment, appeared in the terminal stages of the disease. The survivors were unable to recognize the number of fingers from approximately 30 cm away. The survivor who did not suffer from CNS disorder did not show any abnormality in his mental condition even in the final stage of the disease, when marked anemia and high fever appeared. Even though the trauma wounds showed a tendency to heal, the granulation eventually became gangrenous and swollen. The injection site became infected and necrosis occurred. (Omura Naval Hospital, Masao Shiotsuki, The Effect of theExplosion of the Atomic Bomb on the Human Body: Reported on September 10, 1945.)

On the night of January 30-31, 1945, as the Soviet Red Army approached from the Eastern Front of World War II, some 819 political prisoners from many European countries were executed at the Sonnenburg concentration camp on the Polish.

On the night of January 30-31, 1945, as the Soviet Red Army approached from the Eastern Front of World War II, some 819 political prisoners from many European countries were executed at the Sonnenburg (Sonnenburg) concentration camp. A group of SS detachments and Gestapo from Frankfurt, along the Oder River on the Polish border, carried out the massacre in the courtyard of the concentration camp. At about 10:00 p.m., the guards divided the prisoners into groups of ten and took them into the concentration camp courtyard. The Gestapo lined up about 800 or more prisoners against the wall and shot them to death. Survivors were killed with machine guns aimed at the back of the head. After the massacre, fire was set on some of the corpses, and when Soviet soldiers entered the Sonnenburg camp on February 2, their bodies were still lying in the courtyard. Among the corpses at the execution site, four survived.

　The Sonnenburg concentration camp, located in Suhons on the Polish border about 95 km east of Berlin, was officially closed on April 23, 1934, but was still used in practice; since the beginning of World War II in September 1939, concentration camps or punishment camps had been used as anti-German concentration camps and labor camps for anti-German citizens of the occupied territories until 1945. The concentration camps contained political prisoners, all of whom opposed the Nazi Third Reich, and at the time the Gestapo was ordered to withdraw the concentration camps on January 30, 1945, the Soviet Red Army was only 35 km from Sonnenburg. The concentration camp was ruled by torture, and the east basement and west wing of the camp were separated into cells called torture chambers. Prisoners were exhausted, demoralized, and terrified, and many chose to die and commit suicide.

　Sonnenburg (now Sunnsk) was the first concentration camp of the Nazi Third Reich, and on April 4, 1933, the first transfer of prisoners arrived at Sonnenburg; the political opponents of Adolf Hitler, who had just come to power in early 1933, were at the heart of the prisoners and immediately began a purge. Underground storage rooms in the capital Berlin were used as temporary prisons, but they were already overcrowded. Sonnenburg was located about 95 km from Berlin and was connected to Berlin by rail. Poor working conditions, poor nutrition, torture, and lack of medical care led to the spread of deadly epidemics among the prisoners. The prisoners in the concentration camps were all citizens who were averse to National Socialism: communists, social democrats, pacifists, Jews, Catholics, Protestants, workers, and political professionals.

In the Vietnam War, the American soldiers carries a Viet Cong casualty past the body of a Viet Cong casualty on December 8, 1967. About 49 Vietcong were killed in action at the Battle of Bu Dop, and four American soldiers were killed in action.

　　In the Vietnam War, soldiers of the 1st Brigade, 1st Infantry Division of the U.S. Army, carrying Viet Cong and other war wounded, pass by the bodies of Viet Cong (VC: South Vietnam Liberation Front) dead on December 8, 1967. About 49 Viet Cong were killed in action and four U.S. soldiers were killed in action in a fierce battle in the Bu Dop area at midnight the same day. The U.S. military's Bu Dop base, established in November 1963, was located in Bu Dop district, Binh Phuong province, near the Vietnam-Cambodia border.

　At about midnight on November 29, 1967, the Viet Cong attacked the fortified U.S. Bu Dop area, and at about 10 p.m. on November 29, Viet Cong mortars and rockets flew into the Bu Dop base. The rockets hit a bunker, killing all four American soldiers. Hundreds of Vietcong soldiers charged from the east side of the runway after the artillery fire ended, crossing about 200 meters from the woods and assaulting the Boo Dopp base. The U.S. troops fired howitzers at the Vietcong as they charged, taking out many of the Vietcong forces that were forcing their way through. U.S. F-100 fighter-bombers attacked the forests where the Vietcong were hiding with bombs and artillery. The Vietcong assault was frustrated and they quickly withdrew into the forest. U.S. casualties were about 7 dead and 11 wounded, and the Vietcong casualties were 31 dead bodies left behind.

 　For the next week, U.S. forces continued to clash with Vietcong forces around Bou-Dop, with mortar shells landing nightly. In response to the second major Vietcong attack on the Boo Dopp base, U.S. forces reinforced the base at the Boo Dopp airstrip on December 4. Two days later, U.S. forces established a firing base southeast of Boo Dopp, which the Viet Cong invasion had targeted, and at about 1:00 a.m. on December 8, U.S. forces attacked Viet Cong positions, with the main assault force invading under rocket fire. Under very short engagement distances, U.S. artillery cut through the Vietcong forces with high-fire artillery shells, preventing them from reaching the outer lines of the base. American air strikes, armed helicopters, and mortars inflicted further losses on the Viet Cong. The Vietcong then withdrew from the Boo Top area at approximately 3:00 a.m. on December 8. The next day, December 9, the U.S. military conducted autopsies on about 49 Vietcong dead and four military dead. The Boo Top base was then transferred to the South Vietnamese Army on December 31, 1970.

Bodies of soldiers from both sides who died in a battle on October 18 near Liujiamiao Station on the outskirts of Hankou. The insurgents defeated the Qing army in that battle.

　On October 18, 1911, the Wuchang Uprising of the Xinhai Revolution killed soldiers from both the rebel and Qing forces in a battle near the Liujiajiao Station in the suburbs of Hankow. The corpses of the two armies were scattered near the Liujiaomiao Station in the suburbs of Hankou. The rebels defeated the Qing forces in the battle that day. The Qing forces retook the rebel city of Hankou on November 1 after the battle of Hankou on October 18, and the Beiyang forces retook the rebel city of Hanyang on November 27. The city of Wuchang was reduced to ruins with numerous casualties.

　On October 10, 1911, at about 8:00 p.m., the 8th Battalion of the Hubei New Army's 8th Township (Division) Engineers delivered the first blow to the Wuchang Uprising's Qing police force. The rebels then occupied the Zhuangdai Armory. After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, the 8th Standard (Regiment) Battery, stationed at Nanhu on the outskirts of the city, entered the city through Wuchang's Zhonghe Gate (later renamed the Gate of Unrest) and entered the battle for the Governor's Palace. The rebels carried their artillery to the top of Wuzhou Mountain and bombarded the Huguang Governor-General's Office. Hunan and Guangdong Governor Ruolei fled by train from Dazhimen in Hankou, and the rebels then occupied Hunan and Guangdong Governor-General's Office. After occupying Wuchang, the rebels heavily guarded the gates of Hamyang and checked passersby.

 　On the night of October 11, 1911, soldiers of the 2nd Battalion of the 42nd New Army in Hankou mutinied, seized the armory at Chumangdai, and overran Hankou; by noon on October 11, about 500 more Qing soldiers were killed; on October 11, the rebels captured the entire city of Wuchang. Later that day, the revolutionaries established the Hubei Military Government of the People's Republic of China in the Hubei Consultative Bureau of the former Qing government. The rebels set up the Ejundubu and installed their officer Li Yuanhong as governor-general, the representative of the military government, and on October 31, the People's Network News, the official newspaper of the military government in Hubei Province, proclaimed the success of the revolution in the name of Sun Yat-sen. Sun Yat-sen proved to be the leader of the revolutionary party at the time of the Wuchang Uprising.

　In response to the uprising, the Qing Dynasty sought help from the Beiyang Army's Yuan Shikai. The Beiyang Army invaded Wuchang, and on the side of the revolutionary forces, Huang Xing arrived in Wuhan in early November and took over command. The Beiyang Army then attacked the Revolutionary Army's positions, and the Qing forces retook Hankou on November 1 after the Battle of Hankou on October 18, and the Beiyang Army retook Hanyang on November 27. The ROC negotiated with Yuan Shikai and gave him the position of Grand President in return for his surrender of the Qing court; on December 29, 1911, the ROC elected Sun Yat-sen as President in an extraordinary presidential election; on February 12, 1912, Empress Dowager Long Yu announced the abdication of the Qing Emperor in the name of Emperor Puyi, thus ending the Qing Empire. About 8,000 Qing troops were killed, and about 4,000 revolutionary troops were killed.

During the Battle of Okinawa in the Pacific War, an American scout soldier who was in the valley of the Oroku Peninsula and was killed or wounded lies beside an American soldier who invaded the Oroku Peninsula, where the Japanese naval air station was located, on June 4, 1945.

     During the Battle of Okinawa in the Pacific War, U.S. forces landed from Oroku Beach southwest of Naha, Okinawa, on June 4, 1945, and invaded the Oroku Peninsula, where the Japanese Naval Air Station was located. Beside the U.S. scouts lay a U.S. soldier who had been killed or wounded in the valley of the Oroku Peninsula, and as of June 4, the Japanese naval forces were struggling to attack and defend almost half of the Oroku Peninsula.

　Japanese naval forces returned to their old positions at Oroku Naval Air Station from Maepyeong in the south on the night of May 28, 1945. American forces landed on Oroku Beach from an amphibious assault on June 4, increasing the speed of the invasion. They advanced to the Oroku Naval Air Station position defended by the Japanese naval forces. The IJN's fighting force was small and poorly equipped. The IJN took separate action from the Army garrison and confined itself to the Oroku area to fight the invasion, and by the retreat on May 26, it had destroyed its remaining heavy weapons and had only about 4,000 men. By June 5, the Japanese naval forces were surrounded by American troops and were unable to retreat. On June 6, Rear Admiral Minoru Ota sent a telegram to all parts of the country, saying, "The people of Okinawa are fighting this war, and I hope that the people of Okinawa will be granted special favor in future generations.

  　The U.S. invasion of the Oroku Peninsula was met with fierce resistance from Japanese naval forces, which suffered heavy losses, and on June 11, the U.S. forces surrounded the positions of the Japanese naval forces. The siege of the Oroku Peninsula lasted for about 10 days, resulting in approximately 1,608 casualties among the U.S. forces. Despite the meager weaponry of the Japanese naval forces, the casualty rate of the American forces far exceeded that of the Shuri Offensive. The Japanese naval forces were annihilated and crushed by suicide when a group of American tanks attacked the cave headquarters on June 11. In the naval headquarters dugout, five of the staff officers committed suicide together on June 13. After overrunning the Oroku area, the U.S. forces conducted a special search of the cave command center in the bunker of the Japanese naval forces. The bodies of hundreds of Japanese soldiers who had committed suicide lay there. In the central room of the bunker, they found the corpses of five senior officers. The hill where the bunker of the headquarters of the Japanese naval forces was located was named "Admiral's Hill. In the Kosoku area, on June 12 and 13, for the first time in the Battle of Okinawa, about 159 Japanese soldiers surrendered en masse and were taken prisoner.

 

The Berlin March Battle erupted from March 3 to March 14, 1919, and immediately after the general strike resolution was approved on March 3, rioting began between government troops and striking workers, killing some 1,500 or more.

     Even after the Social Democrats won the German elections on January 19, 1919, street fights between government forces and radical workers were repeated. The unrest erupted in most of Germany's major cities, but clashes were most intense in the capital, Berlin. While the Social Democrats demonstrated for higher wages and better working conditions, the rebels argued for fundamental changes in society.

　On March 3, 1919, the Communist Party of Berlin called for a general strike. The armed workers quickly succeeded in taking control of the city of Berlin. The Berlin March Battle erupted from March 3 to March 14, 1919. Gustav Noske, Minister of Defense in the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) government, declared a state of siege on Berlin. Gustus Noske agreed to organize a Free Corps composed of veterans and officers of the former German army. It took about 14 days for the Freikorps, a paramilitary militia of about 42,000 men and volunteers, to "take back Berlin. "In the course of the March 1919 riots, more than 1,500 people were killed. Hundreds were executed by the Social Democratic government forces. About 75 of the dead were on the side of the government forces.

　Immediately after the general strike resolution was approved on March 3, rioting began between government forces and striking workers. In the afternoon and evening, many workers began clashing with the police, and from March 4, government troops invaded Berlin, with armored vehicles and tanks firing on the crowds. Medics raised Red Cross flags to protect themselves from the dreaded rooftop snipers during the March general strike. Wounded Freikorps fighters were taken to assembly points and hospitals. All those who possessed firearms were authorized for immediate execution. Civilians and war veterans unrelated to the strike were killed. Only with the help of the Freikorps did the Social Democratic Party (SPD) bloody its own flag in the face of the crisis in the young republic.

 

On a street in the village of Mara Lohan, 3 km north of Kharkov in eastern Kharkov Oblast, recaptured by Ukrainian forces on March 29, 2022, Ukrainian soldiers pass by the bodies of two Russian soldiers lying on the ground at the entrance to a hut.

   Ukrainian troops recaptured the village of Mara Roman, 3 km north of Kharkov in eastern Kharkov Oblast, on March 29, 2022. The next day, on a street in the village of Mara Roman, Ukrainian soldiers passed by the bodies of two Russian soldiers lying on the ground at the entrance to a hut. They searched in front of the bodies of the murdered Russian soldiers. According to the Ukrainian policeman, one of the two was dressed in plain clothes over khaki-colored trousers. The Russian soldier was dressed in a blood-soaked military uniform, and his body appeared in a ditch where shrapnel was flying and through a doorway. More than a dozen corpses of Russian soldiers were strewn across fields and houses in the eastern suburbs of Kharkov on March 29. The battle to free Mara Roman lasted almost three days. Russian troops were surrounded by Ukrainian forces on the eastern front around Kharkov, especially Russian soldiers trapped in the surrounding village of Mara Logan.

The Russian military cremated the bodies of soldiers in the invasion of Ukraine to conceal their losses and avoid compensating their families. Russian soldiers were declared missing, other soldiers' corpses were buried in unmarked graves, and other corpses were disposed of in mobile crematoriums. In response to the growing military losses from the invasion of Ukraine, they sought ways to conceal the original number of casualties. One of the tactics used by the Russians to conceal their losses was the cremation of corpses. Special mobile crematoria were brought into the occupied territories. The mobile crematoria were set up in front-line areas, and the pungent stench wafted far and wide. To avoid surveillance, the Russians set up the crematorium on the right bank of the Dnipro River. The distinctive smell of burning flesh leaked into the surrounding area.

　The Ukrainian military used facial recognition to identify Russian soldiers killed in action and sent their photos to their relatives. It has already recognized more than 8,600 Russians and contacted the families of 582 Russian soldiers killed in action using the facial recognition method, the Washington Post reported. Russian troops also destroyed the bodies of their casualties in the Chechen conflict. There were reports of Russian troops dropping the bodies of dead Russian soldiers from helicopters into canyons. They avoided wasting time and resources in transporting the bodies. The Russian military recreated mercenaries among Middle Eastern youth, Central Asians, and minorities living on the Russian frontier, as well as in Syrian and African countries.

    The number of human casualties of Russian soldiers was much higher from the war in Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast. Some bodies were cremated and others buried in unmarked graves. The lower the number of casualties, the higher the rank of the commander. Losses were concealed in order not to lower the morale of the troops. The Ukrainian military announced on August 11, 2022, that some 43,000 Russian soldiers had already died in the invasion of Ukraine. Only twice did the Russian military officially announce the number of dead, the last time on March 25, 2022, when the figure was only 1,351. In the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics occupied by Russian troops, the local KGB oversaw modest funerals. Ambulances began collecting the bodies in plastic bags, one covered with bed covers near a bus, the other two at the entrance to a hut illegally occupied by Russian soldiers for several weeks, on December 15, 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, liberating the outskirts of Kupiansk, Kharkov Oblast, and the Ukraine Military soldiers unloaded the bodies of Russian soldiers found in the village of Petropavlivka in plastic bags.

A 44-year-old woman was exposed to the Nagasaki atomic bomb dropped and exploded by the U.S. military on August 9, 1945, and was injured in the head by a tree branch. On the same day, August 9, she was transported to the Omura Naval Hospital, located approximately 17 km northeast of Nagasaki City, where she was admitted.

    A 44-year-old woman in Nagasaki City was exposed to the Nagasaki atomic bomb dropped and exploded by the U.S. military on August 9, 1945, and was injured in the head by a tree branch. On the same day, August 9, she was transported to the Omura Naval Hospital, about 17 km northeast of Nagasaki City, where she was admitted. She had Y-shaped contusion wounds over her head and face. The wound was stained and moderately hemorrhaged. Her medical record only mentions that she was treated with Livanol gauze, a bactericidal disinfectant.

  Bayer, a German pharmaceutical manufacturer, commercialized Acrinol, a topical antiseptic, and began marketing it under the trade name Livanol in 1921. Acrinol was a yellow dye that exhibited bactericidal disinfectant action against some common bacterial species, such as streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus, and other pyogenic bacteria. It was used to disinfect mucous membranes and localized areas of suppuration. Sales were discontinued after 2018 because leukocytes and macrophages, which have a protective function against infection, are impaired by Acrinol.

　The Omura Naval Hospital was located in Omura City, Nagasaki Prefecture, approximately 19 km northeast of Nagasaki City in a straight line across Omura Bay. The Omura Naval Hospital was originally a hospital for military personnel. There were many patients with burns, but there was also a shortage of medicine. The only treatment was to dilute a cresol solution, soak it in gauze, and apply it to the skin in place of rivanol gauze for replacement. At the Omura Naval Hospital, patients were brought in one after another from about nine hours after the Nagasaki atomic bomb was dropped. On the first day alone, August 9, 758 people were transported, many of them seriously ill; by dawn on August 10, more than 100 of the inmates had died. 300 more were admitted on August 10, bringing the final total to 1,700.

    The Omura Naval Hospital received a telephone call from the police at around 3:00 p.m. on August 9 informing them that a large number of casualties had occurred in Nagasaki City and that the city was under fire. A rescue team headed by Lieutenant Jinnai, a military doctor, and consisting of medics and nurses from the Japanese Red Cross, was dispatched. Around 5:00 p.m., Mayor Yamaguchi of Omura City called to inform us that the number of casualties in Nagasaki was countless, and that they were being taken to hospitals along the railroad. The injured were transported from Urakami to Omura Station by a separate train, and from Omura Station all fire engines were mobilized to transport the injured to the hospitals. The injured arrived from Nagasaki at 8:00 p.m. Military transport vehicles and trucks arrived at the Omura Naval Hospital packed with folded and stacked severely injured A-bomb survivors. 

During the Battle of Okinawa in the Pacific War, on April 19, 1945, a grenade was thrown into a turtle tomb, and when the hidden Japanese soldiers jumped out, the surrounding American soldiers shot at them, aiming and killing them.

During the Battle of Okinawa in the Pacific War, on April 19, 1945, a grenade was thrown into a turtle tomb, and when a hidden Japanese soldier jumped out, the surrounding American soldiers shot at him, aiming and killing him at once. The bodies of dead Japanese soldiers were scattered at the entrance to the tomb. The Americans swept up and eliminated the resisting Japanese soldiers as if they were lice. Numerous natural caves and turtle tombs, which are unique to Okinawa, were used as tochkas and became part of the Japanese military positions because of their robust structures. On April 19, three U.S. divisions assaulted the Japanese lines, but the assault ended in chaos. The Japanese launched a counterattack on the steep slopes of Makishi, Naha, raining artillery and mortars on the relatively exposed lowlands.

　Surrounding American soldiers stood by with rifles ready to shoot to kill while the Japanese threw grenades into the turtle tombs of Okinawa's tochka. The bodies of Japanese soldiers who were shot dead were also scattered. U.S. troops cleared out the tochka of Japanese graves. American soldiers threw grenades into the wreckage. Surrounding American soldiers stood guard with rifles. In Okinawa, Japanese troops used graves as tochkas. The bodies of dead Japanese soldiers lay in front of the graves, which were made of thick concrete.

　The terrain of Okinawa was favorable to the Japanese. The terrain of ridges and sheer cliffs turned the battlefield into a series of small, vicious firefights. The Japanese were able to reconnoiter the Americans with less dense vegetation. Caves scattered along the ridgelines and the concreted turtle tombs of Okinawa enabled the Japanese to fire intense and combined small-arms fire. Japanese artillery focused on the attacking Americans with numerous artillery barrages concealed in the hills and along the flanks of the ridge.

　The American forces engaged the marauding Japanese forces in a fierce meat-and-potatoes battle. The battlefield was littered with the corpses of Japanese soldiers. Japanese soldiers were stabbed in the chest with battle knives or had their internal organs removed with bayonets. They were hit by American grenades or muzzled by rifle and machine gun bullets.

　The Battle of Okinawa lasted nearly three months and included the worst kamikaze attack of the war, and on June 22, 1945, Okinawa was occupied by U.S. forces. The U.S. forces suffered over 49,000 casualties, including more than 12,500 dead or missing. The loss to the Okinawans involved in the Battle of Okinawa was enormous, with an estimated 150,000 civilians killed. An estimated 110,000 Japanese soldiers defending the island of Okinawa were killed. 

On February 25, 1945, during the Battle of Manila, the capital of the Philippines, Japanese troops charged in a "one man can defeat ten men" strategy with a banzai attack. Nine Japanese soldiers were killed by American troops in the assault on General Luna Street inside Manila Castle.

     On February 25, 1945, during the Battle of Manila, the capital of the Philippines, the Japanese Army charged in a "one man can defeat ten men" strategy with the Banzai attack. Nine Japanese soldiers were killed by American troops in the assault on General Luna Street inside Manila Castle. The bodies of the nine Japanese soldiers killed by the Americans in the Banzai assault lay scattered in the streets. The banzai assault referred to the Allied forces' suicidal man-wave attacks and swarms of Japanese infantry in the Pacific War. It originated from the Japanese soldiers' war cry, "Hail to the Emperor". It was shortened to banzai to refer to the tactics of the Imperial Japanese Army, especially during the Pacific War. As a means of thwarting the eventual Allied forces, the battle was a suicide attack that was foreseen as a defeat.

　By the morning of February 23, the Americans had isolated the last of the Japanese forces inside the government buildings within the walls of Manila. To retake the walled city of Manila, the Americans fired a massive 10,000 artillery and mortar rounds per hour. The Americans eliminated the last Japanese troops still holed up within the handful of government buildings surrounding the walled city of Manila. Survival was already no longer an option for the Japanese soldiers. Tens of thousands of Filipino men, women, and children were recklessly slaughtered in the most brutal manner and taken out of the way. The Japanese army summoned the last remaining troops and destroyed themselves in a banzai attack that crushed them to pieces. The U.S. forces destroyed the Legislative Yuan with artillery, sent in assault troops, and the building where the Japanese forces, resisting to the last, were holed up fell at noon on February 28.

      In the invasion of the Philippines by U.S. forces in the Pacific War, the Battle of Manila broke out between February 3 and March 3, 1945. American and Filipino forces clashed with Japanese forces in the Philippine capital, Manila, in a month-long battle that resulted in the deaths of more than 100,000 Manila residents and the complete devastation of the city. It was the worst urban battlefield fought by American forces in the Pacific War. Japanese forces committed mass murder against Filipino civilians during the fighting, and American firepower killed many Filipinos. Japanese resistance and American bombardment devastated and destroyed much of the architecture and cultural heritage of Manila since its founding. The Battle of Manila ended the nearly three-year Japanese occupation of the Philippines (1942-1945).

    Approximately 1,010 American soldiers were killed and 5,565 wounded in the Battle of Manila. At least about 100,000 Filipino civilians died as a result of the deliberate massacre of Manila by the Japanese and the bombardment and aerial bombardment by both Japanese and American forces. The death toll for the Japanese forces reached approximately 16,665 within the walled city alone. In the Battle of Manila, the Japanese forces erupted in the brutal Manila Massacre against Filipino civilians in the Philippine capital city of Manila. The total number of civilians killed by Japanese as well as American artillery and gunfire was estimated at at least 100,000.

On January 1942, the siege of Leningrad was underway, and bodies were thrown into hospitals, clinics, stairways, yards, and streets, and dumped in streets, ditches, bushes, and garbage dumps. Bodies were dumped in the Volkovsky Mass Cemetery and other places and in the streets.

From September 18, 1941, during the siege of Leningrad by the German invasion, Russian civilians died one by one from bombing, starvation, and war. The first mass graves appeared in the Volkovskoye cemetery in Leningrad's Frunzensky district. The bodies were light, skin-covered skeletons. The bodies were transported in piles on four-wheeled wagons. The bodies were picked up on the streets and doorsteps of Leningrad, wrapped in sheets, and their relatives did not have the strength to carry them to the cemetery. A sledge with the bodies tied up was left on Rastanaya Street on the way to the cemetery. Many bodies lay at the entrance to the cemetery and were carried to the mass grave for burial; in January 1942, bodies were thrown into hospitals, clinics, stairways, yards, and streets, and bodies were dumped in cemeteries and streets. Abandoned bodies were laid in streets, ditches, bushes, and even dumped in garbage dumps.

　By November 1941, about 280 ditches measuring approximately 20 x 2.5 x 1.7 m were dug in allotment plots by the Funeral Service for the morgue. In the morgue, corpses of victims of German bombardment were transported from the defeated areas by detachments. Mutilated and disfigured human bodies, heads, legs, arms, skulls, infant corpses, and female corpses were also transported. In the morgue, relatives searched for the bodies.

　Constant German shelling tore apart the lives of Leningradians, and in December, famine struck the city and its inhabitants; by early December, the city was filled with emaciated, malnourished people with swollen faces and feet and unsteady gait. People of all ages collapsed onto sidewalks and panels. They died instantly in the streets, and their bodies were left on the streets; by the end of December, hospitals were crowded, and bodies refused to be admitted were dumped at night in hospitals, clinics, streets, and squares; in the December quarter of 1941, the death rate among Leningrad residents due to hunger, bitter cold, and lack of firewood jumped 247%, reaching about 42,050.

　Lacking the necessary tools and physical strength, some dug holes, covered them with layers of dirt and snow, and left, throwing their corpses into the cemetery as they left. In front of the cemetery gates facing the street, near offices and churches, in cemeteries, on paths, ditches, graves, bodies and coffins were dumped; in December the bodies were still carried to the cemeteries by the residents; in January 1942 the number decreased sharply and the bodies were thrown into hospitals, clinics, stairways, gardens and streets. Bodies were dumped in cemeteries and streets to avoid surveillance. Every day, bodies were dumped haphazardly, and in the morning they were thrown over the gates and stairways of houses. Around the cemetery, discarded bodies were found lying in the streets, ditches, bushes, and even in garbage dumps In January 1942, a cannibalism case occurred in the city of Leningrad. Due to a lack of security at the cemetery, some of the bodies were stolen from the cemetery, and bodies left in the city were mutilated and stolen.

A Polish undertaker looked at the layers of Warsaw ghetto Jewish corpses laid out at the bottom of the cemetery. One after another, layer after layer of dead Jews from the ghetto were covered with lime. One hole held many dead Jews.

    In Warsaw, the capital of Poland, the eastern front of World War II, German Heinrich Jöst (Heinrich Jöst) photographed the Warsaw Geto on September 19, 1941, in a mass grave at the Okopowa Street Cemetery in Warsaw, Poland, the eastern front of World War II. A Polish undertaker gazed at the layers of corpses laid out at the bottom of the cemetery. One after another, the layers of Jewish corpses in the ghetto were created and covered with lime. There was room for so many dead Jews in one hole. The bodies of the ghettos lay close to each other. Next to each other, legs entwined, they filled every little space. Many of the corpses were Jewish women.

　Sergeant Heinrich Joost, a German NCO, took a day off from his unit stationed in Warsaw on September 19, 1941, to take a full day photo tour of the Warsaw Ghetto. September 19 was his 43rd birthday, and that night, at the Hotel Bristol, he and his friends celebrated. He was planning to celebrate with friends at the Hotel Bristol that night. Just before leaving for the hotel, he took pictures of the Warsaw ghetto with his Rolleiflex camera. It is possible that he went to the Warsaw ghetto on more than one occasion. One day was probably not enough to take 160 photographs taken at multiple locations; in April 1941, the 3.07 km2 Warsaw Ghetto housed approximately 450,000 people at 7 square meters per person.

　The misery, starvation, and mass graves of the ghetto were photographed in greater detail. In 1982, one year before Heinrich Joost's death, Joost turned the photos over to German journalist Günther Schwarberg (Günther Schwarberg). Günther Schwarberg also gave a photocopy of the photographs to Yad Vashem in Israel. He exhibited the photographs and posted them on his website. In 2001, Günter Schwarberg published a book of his photographs entitled "In the Ghetto of Warsaw: Heinrich Jöst's Photographs.

The remains of a Japanese soldier were unearthed after a brutal cave-in at the end of the Battle of Okinawa in the Pacific War in 1945, on November 6-7, 1950, on the bluff where thousands of Japanese committed suicide during the Battle of Okinawa.

   The remains of a Japanese soldier were unearthed after a brutal cave-in at the end of the Battle of Okinawa in the Pacific War in 1945, on November 6-7, 1950, on the bluff where thousands of Japanese committed suicide during the Battle of Okinawa. The Battle of Okinawa was a series of bloody battles that saw a sharp increase in casualties, especially among local residents who were caught in the crossfire. In the southern part of Okinawa Island, where the fighting was most intense, many people gathered in caves to hide. The Japanese retreated to new fortifications and forced wounded soldiers and civilians with grenades and poison to commit suicide rather than surrender, and on June 23, General Ushijima committed seppuku.

    During the first week after landing on Okinawa Island on April 1, 1945, the U.S. invasion met little resistance, capturing the northern and central parts of the island; on April 8, U.S. troops stormed into the southern part of the island, where the first major Japanese defensive line was built, a battle on a hillside ridge that became the bloodiest white battle in the Pacific War It became. Despite the superior firepower of the American forces, the Japanese were protected by steel-walled bunkers. Each bunker had to be attacked and blown up, inflicting heavy casualties on both sides. The Americans destroyed one line of bunkers and then another, killing and destroying again and again.

　Only when the Japanese abandoned their bunkers and turned to attack were the Americans able to invade. The Japanese launched a counterattack on April 12, when some 185 Japanese kamikaze suicide planes attacked the U.S. fleet, and six battalions of Japanese troops stormed American positions. The kamikaze planes sank the landing craft and wounded one battleship, three other destroyers, and eight other ships. Six Japanese battalion assaults were unable to escape and return to formation.

　On April 13, the United States announced the sudden death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The American military was shocked into silence. In late May, a torrential downpour turned Okinawa into a quagmire similar to the tragic trenches of World War I. The Japanese army refused to surrender, and the Japanese army was forced to surrender. The Japanese forces refused to surrender and were determined to continue the war. The U.S. bombardment intensified, and by early June, the Americans claimed to have killed some 62,000 more Japanese, taking only 465 prisoners. The last Japanese resistance fighters hid deep in caves, where American troops made extensive use of flamethrowers and high-performance explosives. Isolated and unable to mount organized resistance, the Japanese positions were either buried alive with explosives or burned to the ground with flamethrowers, with each Japanese soldier being buried alive with explosives or burned to death with flamethrowers.

　The Japanese forces suffered heavy losses, with nearly 110,000 dead, including those sealed in caves by high explosives, 10,000 prisoners of war or surrendered, 7,830 planes shot down, and 16 ships sunk. The exact number of Okinawan civilians killed is unknown, but it was undoubtedly more than 100,000, or about 10-25% of the local population. The U.S. military also fought a bloody battle and paid a high price. More than 12,000 American soldiers were killed and 36,000 wounded. Thirty-four battleships were sunk and some 763 aircraft were lost. Non-war casualties, especially combat trauma from war stress, were even higher at about 26,000, bringing the total number of U.S. casualties in the Battle of Okinawa to over 72,000, almost one-fifth of all U.S. casualties in the Pacific War. It was this reminder of the number of casualties that would result from the next attack on mainland Japan that led to the decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and August 9, 1945.  

【Address by the Naruhito Emperor on the Occasion of the Memorial Ceremony for the War Dead (August 15, 2023)】

　　On this Day to Commemorate the War Dead and Pray for Peace, my thoughts are with the numerous people who lost their precious lives in the last war and their bereaved families, as I attend this Memorial Ceremony for the War Dead with a deep and renewed sense of sorrow.

　Seventy-eight years have already passed since the end of the war. Our country today enjoys peace and prosperity, thanks to the ceaseless efforts made by the people of Japan. When I look back on the arduous steps taken by the people, I cannot help but be overcome with deep emotion.

　It is my sincere hope that we shall continue in unity of spirit to seek peace and the happiness of the people in the future.

　Looking back on the long period of post-war peace, reflecting on our past and bearing in mind the feelings of deep remorse, I earnestly hope that the ravages of war will never again be repeated. Together with all our people, I now pay my heartfelt tribute to all those who lost their lives in the war, both on the battlefields and elsewhere, and pray for world peace and for the continuing developments of our country.

During the Vietnam War, the bodies of numerous South Vietnamese government soldiers killed in 1963 were laid out and placed in a grass hut. The bodies of South Vietnamese government soldiers were wrapped in U.S. Army ponchos.

   During the Vietnam War, the bodies of numerous South Vietnamese government soldiers killed in 1963 were laid out and placed in a grass hut. The bodies of South Vietnamese government soldiers were wrapped in American ponchos. Operations against Viet Cong-held settlements were rendered less surprise by prolonged bombardment and artillery fire that preceded troop landings and movements. During the month of March 1963, Viet Cong attacks reached an all-time high of approximately 1,861, with attacks becoming larger and more widely dispersed.

   The number of military advisors was reduced from less than about 1,000 in 1959, and in November 1961, John F. Kennedy, who became U.S. president on January 20, 1961, decided to greatly increase U.S. military aid to South Vietnam.In December 1961, the USS Carrier Core was launched in Saigon with 35 helicopters and arrived in Saigon; by mid-1962, about 12,000 U.S. military advisors were stationed in Vietnam. Special warfare and a policy of strategic hamlets allowed the Saigon government's South Vietnamese forces to push back in 1962; in 1963 the Viet Cong regained military initiative. The Viet Cong won their first military victory over the South Vietnamese army in January 1963 at the Battle of Ap Bac. By 1964, the U.S. military advisory corps numbered about 23,000. On July 17, President Kennedy announced that U.S. troops would stay in South Vietnam because withdrawal from the country would mean the collapse of Southeast Asia; on November 22, Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas.

　Between 1961 and 1963, some 40,000 Communist soldiers infiltrated South Vietnam. The Vietcong grew rapidly, and by early 1962 an estimated 300,000 soldiers were registered with the Liberation Society.The Battle of Ap Bac on January 2, 1963, was the Vietcong's first major victory over South Vietnamese and American forces. The ratio of Viet Cong to South Vietnamese government soldiers jumped from 1 to 10 in 1961 to 1 to 5 a year later in 1962. The communist side was prepared for maximum military expansion, and the strength of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) in North Vietnam reached about 174,000 men at the end of 1963.

A woman mourned over the body of her relative Alexander, who was killed at his workplace in a car repair shop during a recent shelling in Donetsk, Russian-controlled Ukraine, April 6, 2023.

    Women wailed beside the bodies of their relatives who were killed by Ukrainian military shelling on April 6, 2023, as residents of Donetsk Oblast in eastern Ukraine. The massacre of civilians in the city of Donetsk took place shortly after the Ukrainian military attack. Donetsk, the capital of Donetsk Oblast in eastern Ukraine, had been under control by Russian forces since 2014. Donetsk, the capital of the oblast, has remained near the frontline of fighting between Russian and Ukrainian forces in recent days and has been regularly shelled by Ukrainian forces.

　

Warning: A woman mourned over the body of her relative Alexander, who was killed at his workplace in a car repair shop during a recent shelling in Donetsk, Russian-controlled Ukraine, April 6, 2023.(REUTERS/Alexander Ermochenko)

   Russian-occupied Donetsk authorities said that the Petrovsky and Kuybyshevsky districts of Donetsk, the provincial capital, were bombed in two shelling raids by Ukrainian forces on April 6. Russian news agencies reported that authorities in Russian-controlled areas in eastern Ukraine said a total of seven civilians were killed in two shelling attacks by Ukrainian forces on April 6.

　Interfax reported that four civilians were killed and six more wounded when shells hit a parking lot in the city of Donetsk. Interfax further reported that nine civilians were killed and seven civilians were wounded, citing a report by the Russian Federal Investigative Committee of the annexed DPR. Later, RIA further reported that three civilians were killed in an explosion near a bus stop in Lichansk, about 120 km northeast of Donetsk. The Ukrainian military did not comment on the undisclosed attack on Donetsk city.

　Ukrainian military shelling hit an auto repair shop in the Russian-controlled city of Donetsk on April 6, 2023. An employee of the auto repair shop stood next to a wrecked car and stared at the body of a co-worker of the auto repair shop who had been killed during the shelling. An elderly woman grieved beside the dead body of an employee who was a relative of hers. Employees of an auto repair shop in Donetsk, the capital of eastern Ukraine, postmortem the body of a male employee, covered with a blanket, who was killed in an April 6 shelling by Ukrainian troops.

　According to Russian-occupied Donetsk authorities, the Petrovsky and Kuybyshevsky districts of Donetsk, the oblast's capital, were bombed in two shelling raids by Ukrainian forces on April 6. Russian news agencies reported that authorities in Russian-controlled areas in eastern Ukraine said a total of seven civilians were killed in two shelling attacks by Ukrainian forces on April 6.

　Interfax reported that four civilians were killed and six more wounded when shells hit a parking lot in the city of Donetsk. Interfax further reported that nine civilians were killed and seven civilians were wounded, citing a report by the Russian Federal Investigative Committee of the annexed DPR. Later, RIA further reported that three civilians were killed in an explosion near a bus stop in Lichansk, about 120 km northeast of Donetsk. The Ukrainian military did not comment on the undisclosed attack on Donetsk city.

　Ukrainian military shelling hit an auto repair shop in the Russian-controlled city of Donetsk on April 6, 2023. An employee of the auto repair shop stood next to a wrecked car and stared at the body of a co-worker of the auto repair shop who had been killed during the shelling. An elderly woman grieved beside the dead body of an employee who was a relative of hers. An employee of an auto repair shop in Donetsk, capital of the eastern Ukrainian oblast, performs a postmortem on the body of a male employee, covered with a blanket, who was killed during Ukrainian military shelling on April 6.

Warning: A man covered the bodies of car repair shop employees killed by recent shelling in Donetsk, Russian-controlled Ukraine, April 6, 2023.(REUTERS/Alexander Ermochenko)

The next group of investigators to visit Nagasaki from the U.S. was a party of the Naval Medical Technology Investigation Group called the “Navtac Jap Team.” That team, based at Ōmura, was engaged in investigations in Nagasaki for three months from late September to late November.

   The U.S. military's investigation of the effects of the atomic bombing was conducted from mid-September to late November, almost in parallel with the Japanese side's investigation. As with the Special Committee for the Investigation of Atomic Bomb Damage established by the Japanese side, several groups of experts were dispatched to conduct detailed investigations in various fields. U.S. military doctors examined the bodies of atomic bomb survivors in their hospital rooms, who had been exposed to the Nagasaki atomic bomb and contracted A-bomb diseases and became patients who were rescued and admitted to hospitals.

　The Special Manhattan Engineer District Investigation Group of the U.S. Army was the first to arrive in Nagasaki. Headed by Brigadier General Thomas Farrell, the group consisted of about 30 scientists, including medical and technical teams, who were in Nagasaki from mid-September to early October 1945 to gather information. The first team's main task was to conduct a preliminary study on the effects of the atomic bomb. They measured the level of residual radioactivity for the safety of the American troops occupying Nagasaki.

　The next group of investigators from the U.S. Army to visit Nagasaki was the Naval Medical Technical Survey Group, known as the "Navtac Jap Team" (Navtac Jap Team). Based at the Omura Naval Hospital, the team spent three months, from late September to late November, investigating the Nagasaki atomic bombing. Led by military physician Colonel Stafford L. Warren, the survey team investigated the physiological effects of the atomic bomb. One group belonging to the survey team worked exclusively on measuring radioactivity in Nagasaki. Another Army medical team arrived in Nagasaki on September 30 to investigate the medical effects of the atomic bomb. Colonel Ashley Augustson was the head of planning for the Army Medical Group. The British Army also sent an atomic bomb survey team in November 1945. They investigated the effects of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and published their report in 1946.

　On the Japanese side, the Special Committee for the Investigation of Atomic Bomb Damages, established by the Japanese Ministry of Education on September 14, 1945 and first convened on October 24, 1945, conducted an investigation of the effects of the atomic bombs on Japan. The actual work began at the end of September and continued through October. The actual work began in various fields at the end of September and October, and continued for three years until March 1948. However, most of the essential studies appear to have been completed by March 1946. Studies of the hypocenter, heat radiation, and residual radiation levels from the atomic bombs were also completed during this period. The research results of the impact study were published by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in August 1951 as a "Summary Report" and by the Science Council of Japan in May 1953 as a two-volume report (1,642 pages) entitled "Atomic Bomb Injury Study Report. The Occupation Forces, GHQ, notified the Special Research Committee on Atomic Bomb Casualty Surveys on December 11, 1945, and placed various censorship and restrictions on the research and publication of the results of the atomic bombing.